The impact of high-heeled shoes on ankle complex during walking in young women-In vivo kinematic study based on 3D to 2D registration technique.

OBJECTIVE To explore the accurate in vivo kinematic changes in the ankle complex when wearing low- and high-heel shoes (LHS and HHS, respectively). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve young women were tested unilaterally. Three-dimensional models of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus were first created based on CT scan results. The subjects walked at a self-controlled speed in barefoot, LHS (4cm), and HHS (10cm) conditions. A fluoroscopy system captured the lateral fluoroscopic images of the ankle complex. The images of seven key positions in the stance phase were selected, and 3D to 2D bone model registrations were performed to determine the joint positions. The mean of 6 degree of freedom (DOF) range of motions (ROM), joint positions, and angular displacements of the ankle complex during the gait were then obtained. RESULTS For the talocrural joint, the rotational ROMs of the subjects either in LHS or HHS condition displayed no significant difference from those in barefoot condition. For the subtalar joint, all the rotational ROMs in the HHS condition and the internal/external rotations in the LHS condition significantly decreased compared with those in the barefoot condition. The talocrural joint was positioned significantly more plantarflexed, inverted, internally rotated, and posteriorly seated in all seven poses in HHS condition, compared with those in barefoot condition. CONCLUSION HHS mainly affected the rotational motion of the ankle complex during walking. The talocrural joint position was abnormal, and the subtalar joint ROM decreased during the gait in HHS condition. Only a few kinematic changes occurred in LHS condition relative to the barefoot condition.

[1]  Mark R. Pickering,et al.  A comparison of the 3D kinematic measurements obtained by single-plane 2D-3D image registration and RSA , 2010, 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

[2]  Neil J Cronin,et al.  The effects of high heeled shoes on female gait: a review. , 2014, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[3]  Luis F. Gutiérrez,et al.  A practical global distortion correction method for an image intensifier based x-ray fluoroscopy system. , 2008, Medical physics.

[4]  J. Goldhahn,et al.  Three-Dimensional Kinematics of an Unconstrained Ankle Arthroplasty: A Preliminary In Vivo Videofluoroscopic Feasibility Study , 2012, Foot & ankle international.

[5]  Guoan Li,et al.  Six DOF in vivo kinematics of the ankle joint complex: Application of a combined dual‐orthogonal fluoroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging technique , 2006, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[6]  K. Sugamoto,et al.  In vivo kinematic analysis of posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty for the valgus knee operated by the gap-balancing technique. , 2014, The Knee.

[7]  K. Gamada,et al.  In Vivo Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints During Weightbearing Ankle Rotation in Chronic Ankle Instability , 2014, Foot & ankle specialist.

[8]  E. Gronenschild,et al.  Correction for geometric image distortion in the x-ray imaging chain: local technique versus global technique. , 1999, Medical physics.

[9]  E. Gronenschild,et al.  The accuracy and reproducibility of a global method to correct for geometric image distortion in the x-ray imaging chain. , 1997, Medical physics.

[10]  Neil J Cronin,et al.  Long-term use of high-heeled shoes alters the neuromechanics of human walking. , 2012, Journal of applied physiology.

[11]  Opila-Correia Ka.  Kinematics of high-heeled gait with consideration for age and experience of wearers. , 1990 .

[12]  K. Gamada,et al.  In Vivo Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints With Functional Ankle Instability During Weight-Bearing Ankle Internal Rotation , 2013, Foot & ankle specialist.

[13]  Y. Itzchak,et al.  Analysis of muscular fatigue and foot stability during high-heeled gait. , 2002, Gait & posture.

[14]  K R Williams,et al.  High heeled shoes: their effect on center of mass position, posture, three-dimensional kinematics, rearfoot motion, and ground reaction forces. , 1994, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[15]  Lee Yung-Hui,et al.  Effects of shoe inserts and heel height on foot pressure, impact force, and perceived comfort during walking. , 2005, Applied ergonomics.

[16]  Zhonglin Zhu,et al.  An automatic 2D–3D image matching method for reproducing spatial knee joint positions using single or dual fluoroscopic images , 2012, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[17]  Hideki Yoshikawa,et al.  3D kinematics of mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty using X-ray fluoroscopy , 2015, International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

[18]  J. Walden,et al.  Kinetics of high-heeled gait. , 2003, Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.

[19]  S. Banks,et al.  Three-dimensional kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints during drop landing. , 2014, Journal of applied biomechanics.

[20]  Han Suk Lee,et al.  The Changes of COP and Foot Pressure after One Hour's Walking Wearing High-heeled and Flat Shoes , 2013, Journal of physical therapy science.

[21]  L Geais,et al.  Total knee arthroplasty three-dimensional kinematic estimation prevision. From a two-dimensional fluoroscopy acquired dynamic model. , 2011, Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR.

[22]  K. A. Opila-Correia.  Kinematics of high-heeled gait with consideration for age and experience of wearers. , 1990, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[23]  Cylie M. Williams,et al.  An exploration of emergency department presentations related to high heel footwear in Victoria, Australia, 2006–2010 , 2014, Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.

[24]  Urs P. Wyss,et al.  First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Reaction Forces during High-Heel Gait , 1991, Foot & ankle.

[25]  Mark G Blanchette,et al.  The Influence of Heel Height on Frontal Plane Ankle Biomechanics: Implications for Lateral Ankle Sprains , 2012, Foot & ankle international.

[26]  Force Patterns of Heel Strike and Toe Off on Different Heel Heights in Normal Walking , 2001, Foot & ankle international.

[27]  Anna Marchewka,et al.  The influence of heel height on lower extremity kinematics and leg muscle activity during gait in young and middle-aged women. , 2012, Gait & posture.

[28]  Chaitali Chakrabarti,et al.  A Distributed Canny Edge Detector: Algorithm and FPGA Implementation , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[29]  Ming Zhang,et al.  Development of a finite element model of female foot for high-heeled shoe design. , 2008, Clinical biomechanics.

[30]  C L Saltzman,et al.  A History of Medical Scientists on High Heels , 1998, International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation.

[31]  Fong-Chin Su,et al.  Kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities of young and elder women during stairs ascent while wearing low and high-heeled shoes. , 2009, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology.

[32]  C. J. Ebbeling,et al.  Lower extremity mechanics and energy cost of walking in high-heeled shoes. , 1994, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[33]  R Fahrig,et al.  Three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction using a C-arm mounted XRII: correction of image intensifier distortion. , 1997, Medical physics.

[34]  Jia Yu,et al.  Biomechanical simulation of high-heeled shoe donning and walking. , 2013, Journal of biomechanics.

[35]  Kunwoo Lee,et al.  Novel methods for 3D postoperative analysis of total knee arthroplasty using 2D-3D image registration. , 2011, Clinical biomechanics.

[36]  K. A. Opila-Correia.  Kinematics of high-heeled gait. , 1990, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[37]  Opila-Correia Ka,et al.  Kinematics of high-heeled gait. , 1990 .