A dynamic model of socioeconomic systems based on hierarchy theory and its application to sustainability

Abstract Socioeconomic systems are seen as complex, adaptive, dissipative systems, stabilized by informed autocatalytic cycles. The energy budget of society is determined by a dynamic equilibrium between the supply and demand of useful energy per hour of labor. Parameters affecting this equilibrium belong to different hierarchical levels (individuals; economy; environment). Improvements in ‘efficiency’ can only be defined at a particular point in time and space (quasi-steady-state view). Improvements in ‘adaptability’ can only be defined from an evolutionary perspective. Short-term and long-term perspectives cannot be reduced to a single description. Technological changes imply trade-offs between efficiency and adaptability rather than ‘absolute improvements’.