Microstructural characterization and in vitro bioactivity of porous glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration by synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography

Abstract One of the key purposes of bone tissue engineering is the development of new biomaterials that can stimulate the body's own regenerative mechanism for patient's anatomical and functional recovery. Bioactive glasses, due to their versatile properties, are excellent candidates to fabricate porous 3-D architectures for bone replacement. In this work, morphological and structural investigations are carried out on Bioglass ® - and CEL2-derived scaffolds produced by sponge replication (CEL2 is an experimental glass developed at Politecnico di Torino). Synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography is used to study the samples 3-D architecture, pores size, shape, distribution and interconnectivity, as well as the growth kinetics on scaffolds struts of a newly formed apatitic phase during in vitro treatment in simulated body fluid, in order to describe from a quantitative viewpoint the bioactive potential of the analyzed biomaterials. An accurate comparison between architectural features and bioactive behaviour of Bioglass ® - and CEL2-derived scaffolds is presented and discussed.

[1]  G. Muzio,et al.  Biocompatible glass–ceramic materials for bone substitution , 2008, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[2]  S. Stock.  Recent advances in X-ray microtomography applied to materials , 2008 .

[3]  H. Oonishi,et al.  Quantitative comparison of bone growth behavior in granules of Bioglass, A-W glass-ceramic, and hydroxyapatite. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[4]  S. Cowin,et al.  Wolff's law of trabecular architecture at remodeling equilibrium. , 1986, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[5]  Francesco Baino,et al.  High strength bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration , 2009, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[6]  Eduardo Saiz,et al.  Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: state of the art and future perspectives. , 2011, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[7]  M. Konerding.  Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casting in medicine. , 1991, Scanning microscopy.

[8]  Diego Dreossi,et al.  Efficient curve-skeleton computation for the analysis of biomedical 3d images - biomed 2010. , 2010, Biomedical sciences instrumentation.

[9]  Aldo R Boccaccini,et al.  45S5 Bioglass-derived glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[10]  R. Nerem.  Cellular engineering , 2006, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[11]  Jun Duan,et al.  Development of an accelerated GVF semi-automatic contouring algorithm for radiotherapy treatment planning , 2009, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[12]  L L Hench,et al.  Effect of crystallization on apatite-layer formation of bioactive glass 45S5. , 1996, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[13]  F. Zhang,et al.  The effect of residual glassy phase in a bioactive glass-ceramic on the formation of its surface apatite layerin vitro , 1992 .

[14]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering : Frontiers in biotechnology , 1993 .

[15]  Julian R Jones,et al.  Evaluation of 3-D bioactive glass scaffolds dissolution in a perfusion flow system with X-ray microtomography. , 2011, Acta biomaterialia.

[16]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Tissue engineering. , 1993, Science.

[17]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. , 2000, Biomaterials.

[18]  G. Muzio,et al.  Development of glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: characterisation, proliferation of human osteoblasts and nodule formation. , 2007, Acta biomaterialia.

[19]  Delbert E Day,et al.  Bioactive glass in tissue engineering. , 2011, Acta biomaterialia.

[20]  T. Ryan,et al.  Quantification and visualization of anisotropy in trabecular bone , 2004, Journal of microscopy.

[21]  Dominique Bernard,et al.  Non-destructive quantitative 3D analysis for the optimisation of tissue scaffolds. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[22]  Reinhard Conradt,et al.  Sintering and crystallisation of 45S5 Bioglass® powder , 2009 .

[23]  D. Kaplan,et al.  Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[24]  Larry L. Hench,et al.  Analysis of pore interconnectivity in bioactive glass foams using X-ray microtomography , 2004 .

[25]  Aldo R. Boccaccini,et al.  Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering , 2010, Materials.

[26]  Enrica Verne,et al.  3-D high-strength glass–ceramic scaffolds containing fluoroapatite for load-bearing bone portions replacement , 2009 .

[27]  P Rüegsegger,et al.  Load transfer analysis of the distal radius from in-vivo high-resolution CT-imaging. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.

[28]  Aldo R Boccaccini,et al.  A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[29]  R. Zenati,et al.  Structural transformations of bioactive glass 45S5 with thermal treatments , 2007 .

[30]  H. Gundersen,et al.  Quantification of connectivity in cancellous bone, with special emphasis on 3-D reconstructions. , 1993, Bone.

[31]  F. Baino,et al.  Shock waves induce activity of human osteoblast-like cells in bioactive scaffolds. , 2010, The Journal of trauma.

[32]  L. Mancini,et al.  Pore3D: A software library for quantitative analysis of porous media , 2010 .

[33]  J. J. Mecholsky,et al.  Bioactivity of tape cast and sintered bioactive glass-ceramic in simulated body fluid. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[34]  F Peyrin,et al.  Bulk and interface investigations of scaffolds and tissue-engineered bones by X-ray microtomography and X-ray microdiffraction. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[35]  H. Oonishi,et al.  Particulate Bioglass Compared With Hydroxyapatite as a Bone Graft Substitute , 1997, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[36]  Юрий Владимирович Гаврилов,et al.  Method of making highly porous cellular ceramic articles , 2011 .

[37]  Francesco Baino,et al.  Optimization of composition, structure and mechanical strength of bioactive 3-D glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone substitution , 2013, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[38]  Tadashi Kokubo,et al.  How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? , 2006, Biomaterials.

[39]  Francesco Baino,et al.  Three-dimensional glass-derived scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: current trends and forecasts for the future. , 2011, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[40]  Chiara Renghini,et al.  Micro-CT studies on 3-D bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration. , 2009, Acta biomaterialia.

[41]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  The correlation of pore morphology, interconnectivity and physical properties of 3D ceramic scaffolds with bone ingrowth. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[42]  Julian R Jones,et al.  Quantifying the 3D macrostructure of tissue scaffolds , 2009, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[43]  Julian R Jones,et al.  Optimising bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[44]  Maarten Moesen,et al.  A symmetry invariant formulation of the relationship between the elasticity tensor and the fabric tensor , 2012 .

[45]  Francesco Baino,et al.  Foam-like scaffolds for bone tissue engineering based on a novel couple of silicate-phosphate specular glasses: synthesis and properties , 2009, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[46]  F. Baino,et al.  Feasibility, tailoring and properties of polyurethane/bioactive glass composite scaffolds for tissue engineering , 2009, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[47]  S. R. Stock,et al.  X-ray microtomography of materials , 1999 .

[48]  Eileen Gentleman,et al.  Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration , 2007 .

[49]  J. Chevalier,et al.  Sintering behaviour of 45S5 bioactive glass. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[50]  A. M. Parfitt,et al.  Bone Histomorphometry: System for Standardization of Nomenclature, Symbols, and Units , 1988 .

[51]  W. J. Whitehouse.  The quantitative morphology of anisotropic trabecular bone , 1974, Journal of microscopy.

[52]  Julian R Jones,et al.  Synchrotron X-ray microtomography for assessment of bone tissue scaffolds , 2010, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[53]  Larry L. Hench,et al.  The story of Bioglass® , 2006, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[54]  Delbert E Day,et al.  Mechanical and in vitro performance of 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds prepared by a polymer foam replication technique. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[55]  F. Baino,et al.  Feasibility and Tailoring of Bioactive Glass-ceramic Scaffolds with Gradient of Porosity for Bone Grafting , 2010, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[56]  R. Mann,et al.  Characterization of microstructural anisotropy in orthotropic materials using a second rank tensor , 1984 .

[57]  M. Leu,et al.  Fabrication of 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using indirect selective laser sintering , 2011, Biofabrication.

[58]  R. Hill,et al.  Influence of magnesia on the structure and properties of bioactive glasses , 2010 .

[59]  Aldo R Boccaccini,et al.  The pro-angiogenic properties of multi-functional bioactive glass composite scaffolds. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[60]  Konerding Ma.  Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casting in medicine. , 1991 .

[61]  A. Sola,et al.  Macroporous Bioglass®-derived scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration , 2011 .

[62]  Avinash C. Kak,et al.  Principles of computerized tomographic imaging , 2001, Classics in applied mathematics.

[63]  Hsueh-Chuan Hsu,et al.  Preparation of porous 45S5 Bioglass®-derived glass–ceramic scaffolds by using rice husk as a porogen additive , 2009, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[64]  M. Miola,et al.  Antibiotic loading on bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics: An approach to surface modification , 2013, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[65]  D. Benn.  Fabric Shape and the Interpretation of Sedimentary Fabric Data , 1994 .