Space and Time in Ecology: Noise or Fundamental Driver?

In this chapter I frame the central issue of the book, namely is spatial and temporal complexity in ecological systems merely noise around the predictions of non-spatial, equilibrium processes? Or, alternatively, do spatial and temporal variability in the environment and autogenic space—time processes in populations fundamentally alter system behavior such that ideal models of nonspatial and equilibrium processes do not represent the fundamental dynamics of ecological systems?

[1]  T. Wardlaw The origin and extent of discolouration and decay in stems of young regrowth eucalypts in southern Tasmania , 1996 .

[2]  Kevin McGarigal,et al.  Surface metrics: an alternative to patch metrics for the quantification of landscape structure , 2009, Landscape Ecology.

[3]  M. Begon,et al.  Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities , 1986 .

[4]  S. Pickett,et al.  Ecology: Individuals, populations and communities , 1987 .

[5]  A. J. Lotka Elements of Physical Biology. , 1925, Nature.

[6]  P. Kareiva,et al.  Habitat fragmentation and the stability of predator–prey interactions , 1987, Nature.

[7]  R. May,et al.  Competition within and between species in a patchy environment: Relations between microscopic and macroscopic models , 1985 .

[8]  C. Huffaker Experimental studies on predation : dispersion factors and predator-prey oscillations , 1958 .

[9]  S. Levin Dispersion and Population Interactions , 1974, The American Naturalist.

[10]  J. G. Skellam Random dispersal in theoretical populations , 1951, Biometrika.

[11]  B. Shorrocks,et al.  Competition on a Divided and Ephemeral Resource: A Simulation Model , 1981 .

[12]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  Ecological Aspects of Succession in Natural Populations , 1941, The American Naturalist.

[13]  P. Crowley Predator-mediated coexistence: an equilibrium interpretation. , 1979, Journal of theoretical biology.

[14]  N. Hairston The Interpretation of Experiments on Interspecific Competition , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[15]  I. Noble,et al.  Dispersal, Variability, and Transient Niches: Species Coexistence in a Uniformly Variable Environment , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[16]  A. R. Rees The common quest , 1986, Nature.

[17]  Vito Volterra,et al.  Leçons sur la théorie mathématique de la lutte pour la vie , 1931 .

[18]  R. Macarthur,et al.  Competition among Fugitive Species in a Harlequin Environment , 1972 .

[19]  M. Hassell The dynamics of arthropod predator-prey systems. , 1979, Monographs in population biology.

[20]  R. May,et al.  Aggregation of Predators and Insect Parasites and its Effect on Stability , 1974 .

[21]  Montgomery Slatkin,et al.  Competition and Regional Coexistence , 1974 .

[22]  Samuel A. Cushman,et al.  Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: A review and prospectus , 2006 .

[23]  K. McGarigal,et al.  Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology: The gradient concept of landscape structure , 2005 .

[24]  A. L. Koch,et al.  Coexistence resulting from an alternation of density dependent and density independent growth. , 1974, Journal of theoretical biology.

[25]  Joseph H. Connell,et al.  On the Prevalence and Relative Importance of Interspecific Competition: Evidence from Field Experiments , 1983, The American Naturalist.

[26]  A Hastings,et al.  Spatial heterogeneity and the stability of predator-prey systems: predator-mediated coexistence. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[27]  R. Macarthur,et al.  The Limiting Similarity, Convergence, and Divergence of Coexisting Species , 1967, The American Naturalist.

[28]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  The Balance of Nature and Human Impact: The paradox of the plankton , 2013 .

[29]  R. Paine,et al.  Intertidal Landscapes: Disturbance and the Dynamics of Pattern , 1981 .

[30]  F. L. Pickett,et al.  An Ecological Study of Certain Ferns: Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link and Pellaea glabella Mettenius , 1926 .

[31]  T. Case,et al.  PATTERN AND CHANCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MODEL AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES , 1983, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[32]  Peter Chesson,et al.  Coexistence of Competitors in a Stochastic Environment: The Storage Effect , 1983 .

[33]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  Copepodology for the Onithologist , 1951 .

[34]  Kevin McGarigal,et al.  Do forest community types provide a sufficient basis to evaluate biological diversity , 2008 .

[35]  R. McMurtrie Persistence and stability of single-species and prey-predator systems in spatially heterogeneous environments , 1978 .

[36]  Simon A. Levin,et al.  Population Models and Community Structure in Heterogeneous Environments , 1986 .

[37]  V. W. Proctor Studies of algal antibiosis using Haematococcus and Chlamydomonas , 1957 .

[38]  J. Bockheim,et al.  Distribution and Cycling of Nutrients in an Aspen‐Mixed‐Hardwood‐Spodosol Ecosystem in Northern Wisconsin , 1984 .

[39]  J. Wiens,et al.  Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology , 2005 .

[40]  Peter Kareiva,et al.  5. Renewing the Dialogue between Theory and Experiments in Population Ecology , 1989 .

[41]  H. Gleason,et al.  The individualistic concept of the plant association , 1939 .

[42]  Hal Caswell,et al.  Predator-Mediated Coexistence: A Nonequilibrium Model , 1978, The American Naturalist.

[43]  R. McGehee,et al.  Coexistence of species competing for shared resources. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[44]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  The Loves of the Card Index Cards , 1951 .

[45]  P. Chesson,et al.  Environmental Variability Promotes Coexistence in Lottery Competitive Systems , 1981, The American Naturalist.

[46]  Robert H. Whittaker,et al.  Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains , 1956 .

[47]  Jianguo Liu,et al.  Population Dynamics in Complex Landscapes: A Case Study. , 1992, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[48]  M. Huston A General Hypothesis of Species Diversity , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[49]  K. McGarigal,et al.  LANDSCAPE-LEVEL PATTERNS OF AVIAN DIVERSITY IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE , 2003 .

[50]  J. Roughgarden Influence of competition on patchiness in a random environment. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[51]  R. Paine Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity , 1966, The American Naturalist.

[52]  R. Paine,et al.  Ecological Determinism in the Competition for Space: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture , 1984 .

[53]  Thomas W. Schoener,et al.  Resource Partitioning in Ecological Communities , 1974, Science.

[54]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  Limnological Studies in Connecticut. VII. A Critical Examination of the Supposed Relationship between Phytoplakton Periodicity and Chemical Changes in Lake Waters , 1944 .

[55]  R. Ricklefs,et al.  Competition and the structure of bird communities. , 1975, Monographs in population biology.

[56]  Robert M. May,et al.  Perspectives in Ecological Theory , 1989 .

[57]  Frederic E. Clements,et al.  Nature and Structure of the Climax , 1936 .

[58]  J. Diamond,et al.  Ecology and Evolution of Communities , 1976, Nature.

[59]  Ilkka Hanski,et al.  Coexistence of Competitors in Patchy Environment , 1983 .

[60]  T. Schoener,et al.  Alternatives to Lotka-Volterra competition: models of intermediate complexity. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[61]  N. Naumov The ecology of animals , 1974 .

[62]  Peter Chesson,et al.  Coexistence of Competitors in Spatially and Temporally Varying Environments: A Look at the Combined Effects of Different Sorts of Variability , 1985 .

[63]  G. Riley Limnological Studies in Connecticut , 1939 .

[64]  Simon A. Levin,et al.  Challenges in the development of a theory of community and ecosystem structure and function , 1989 .

[65]  R. Hilborn,et al.  The effect of spatial heterogeneity on the persistence of predator-prey interactions. , 1975, Theoretical population biology.

[66]  Richard Levins,et al.  Coexistence in a Variable Environment , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[67]  J. Connell Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. , 1978, Science.

[68]  G. E. Hutchinson,et al.  Homage to Santa Rosalia or Why Are There So Many Kinds of Animals? , 1959, The American Naturalist.

[69]  P. J. Hughesdon,et al.  The Struggle for Existence , 1927, Nature.

[70]  P. Sale Maintenance of High Diversity in Coral Reef Fish Communities , 1977, The American Naturalist.