Continued Social Virtual World Use among Teens: Examining the Moderating Role of Perceived Network Exposure

Millions of young people engage themselves in virtual worlds. Due to intensifying competition, retaining the existing users is a key business challenge. Prior research has shown that network externalities play a focal role in the adoption of communication technologies. However, very limited research has examined the role of network externalities in continued IT usage in general or with respect to virtual world participation in particular. To fill in this gap in the literature, we introduce the concept of perceived aggregate network exposure (PANE). We position PANE as a moderator in the IS continuance model. We test the model with a data collected from 2,134 Finnish Habbo Hotel users and employ structural equation modeling in the analysis. The results indicate that perceived network externalities moderate the influence of motivational factors on continued use intention.

[1]  Tor J. Larsen,et al.  The role of task-technology fit as users' motivation to continue information system use , 2009, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[2]  David Meyer,et al.  The role of perceived enjoyment and social norm in the adoption of technology with network externalities , 2008, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[3]  Richard,et al.  Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace , 2022 .

[4]  Lori Rosenkopf,et al.  INSTITUTIONAL AND COMPETITIVE BANDWAGONS: USING MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS A TOOL TO EXPLORE INNOVATION DIFFUSION , 1993 .

[5]  J. J. Po-An Hsieh,et al.  ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University , 2016 .

[6]  Y. Connie Yuan,et al.  Homophily of Network Ties and Bonding and Bridging Social Capital in Computer-Mediated Distributed Teams , 2006, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[7]  Philipp Alexander Freund,et al.  “The (Real) World is not Enough:” Motivational Drivers and User Behavior in Virtual Worlds , 2012 .

[8]  M. Lynne Markus,et al.  Toward a “Critical Mass” Theory of Interactive Media , 1987 .

[9]  Viswanath Venkatesh,et al.  A Longitudinal Investigation of Personal Computers in Homes: Adoption Determinants and Emerging Challenges , 2001, MIS Q..

[10]  Sung S. Kim,et al.  Out of Dedication or Constraint? A Dual Model of Post-Adoption Phenomena and its Empirical Test in the Context of Online Services , 2009, MIS Q..

[11]  Morgaine DinovaIndependent Consultant,et al.  VWRAP for Virtual Worlds Interoperability , 2010 .

[12]  J. Palfrey,et al.  Born digital: understanding the first generation of digital natives , 2009, Choice Reviews Online.

[13]  C. Shapiro,et al.  Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities , 1986, Journal of Political Economy.

[14]  Kar Yan Tam,et al.  The Effects of Post-Adoption Beliefs on the Expectation-Confirmation Model for Information Technology Continuance , 2006, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[15]  Hans van der Heijden,et al.  User Acceptance of Hedonic Information Systems , 2004, MIS Q..

[16]  Stuart J. Barnes,et al.  Understanding use continuance in virtual worlds: Empirical test of a research model , 2011, Inf. Manag..

[17]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  Addressing the What and How of Online Services: Positioning Supporting-Services Functionality and Service Quality for Business-to-Consumer Success , 2008, Inf. Syst. Res..

[18]  Izak Benbasat,et al.  Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[19]  W. Marsden I and J , 2012 .

[20]  Matti Mäntymäki,et al.  Investigating the Drivers of the Continuous Use of Social Virtual Worlds , 2010, 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[21]  Patrick Y. K. Chau,et al.  Understanding Individual Adoption of Instant Messaging: An Empirical Investigation , 2005, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[22]  Jari Salo,et al.  Teenagers in social virtual worlds: Continuous use and purchasing behavior in Habbo Hotel , 2011, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[23]  Stephanie M. Reich,et al.  Online and Offline Social Networks: Use of Social Networking Sites by Emerging Adults , 2008 .

[24]  Yoonhyuk Jung,et al.  Understanding the Role of Sense of Presence and Perceived Autonomy in Users' Continued Use of Social Virtual Worlds , 2011, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[25]  A. K. M. Najmul Islam,et al.  Understanding e-learning system users' post-adoption usage behavior and its outcomes: a study of a learning management system , 2012 .

[26]  I. Ajzen The theory of planned behavior , 1991 .

[27]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  Elucidating Individual Intention to Use Interactive Information Technologies: The Role of Network Externalities , 2008, Int. J. Electron. Commer..

[28]  R. Oliver A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions , 1980 .

[29]  Thomas W. Valente Network models of the diffusion of innovations , 1996, Comput. Math. Organ. Theory.

[30]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  An empirical analysis of the antecedents of electronic commerce service continuance , 2001, Decis. Support Syst..

[31]  Deborah Compeau,et al.  From Prediction to Explanation: Reconceptualizing and Extending the Perceived Characteristics of Innovating , 2007, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[32]  이훈,et al.  지각된 유용성(Perceived Usefulness)의 영향분석 , 2004 .

[33]  Fred D. Davis Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[34]  George Balabanis,et al.  Between the mass and the class: Antecedents of the “bandwagon” luxury consumption behavior , 2012 .

[35]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[36]  C. Shapiro,et al.  Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility , 1985 .

[37]  D. Leidner,et al.  Stepping into the internet: new ventures in virtual worlds , 2011 .

[38]  Lakshmi Goel,et al.  From space to place: predicting users' intentions to return to virtual worlds , 2011 .

[39]  M. Prensky Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1 , 2001 .

[40]  Anol Bhattacherjee,et al.  Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation-Confirmation Model , 2001, MIS Q..

[41]  Thomas F. Stafford,et al.  Perceived critical mass and the adoption of a communication technology , 2007, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[42]  Moez Limayem,et al.  How Habit Limits the Predictive Power of Intention: The Case of Information Systems Continuance , 2007, MIS Q..

[43]  M. Green,et al.  Digital natives , 2012, BDJ.

[44]  Hal R. Varian,et al.  Information rules - a strategic guide to the network economy , 1999 .

[45]  Mark W. Bell Toward a Definition of “Virtual Worlds” , 1970 .

[46]  M. McPherson,et al.  Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks , 2001 .

[47]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Information Technology Adoption Across Time: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Pre-Adoption and Post-Adoption Beliefs , 1999, MIS Q..

[48]  Patrick Y. K. Chau,et al.  A Comparative Study of Individual Acceptance of Instant Messaging in the US and China: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach , 2010, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[49]  Heeseok Lee,et al.  Exploring continued online service usage behavior: The roles of self-image congruity and regret , 2009, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[50]  Diane M. Strong,et al.  Perceived critical mass effect on groupware acceptance , 2000, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[51]  Fred D. Davis,et al.  Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation to Use Computers in the Workplace1 , 1992 .

[52]  Hsi-Peng Lu,et al.  Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory , 2011, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[53]  David Levine,et al.  VWRAP for virtual worlds interoperability [Standards] , 2010, IEEE Internet Computing.

[54]  Hee-Woong Kim,et al.  A balanced thinking-feelings model of information systems continuance , 2007, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[55]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Testing the technology acceptance model across cultures: A three country study , 1997, Inf. Manag..

[56]  M. Prensky Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants , 2001 .

[57]  Naresh K. Malhotra,et al.  A Longitudinal Model of Continued IS Use: An Integrative View of Four Mechanisms Underlying Postadoption Phenomena , 2005, Manag. Sci..

[58]  Shahper Vodanovich,et al.  Research Commentary - Digital Natives and Ubiquitous Information Systems , 2010, Inf. Syst. Res..