Effect of Welding Polarity on Mechanical Properties of Submerged Arc Welded Railway Vehicle Wheels

When a railway vehicle moves on a curved rail, sliding contact between the rail head side and wheel flange causes wear on the wheel flange. Traditionally, a wheel with thinned flange is machined to get a minimum flange thickness specified for structural safety. This operation reduces the rim thickness and shortens the life of the wheel. In the present study, the thinned flanges were hard-faced by submerged arc welding. A welding wire, which has good weldability to the base material of the wheel and does not generate thermal cracking, was developed. The effects of welding polarity on the microstructure, hardness, friction coefficient, and wear characteristics of the welded wheel were studied. The hardness of the wheel welded with reverse polarity was similar to that of welded with straight polarity. The wear rates of the wheel disc welded with reverse polarity and its counterpart rail disc were 11% and 27% lower than those welded with straight polarity. Delamination wear due to subsurface crack propagation and oxidation wear were mixed. The hardness of the rail before the wear test was in the range of 250–300 HV. After the wear test, it soared to 500 HV.

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