Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control

The brain's electrical signals enable people without muscle control to physically interact with the world.

[1]  M Congedo,et al.  A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces , 2007, Journal of neural engineering.

[2]  E. John,et al.  Evoked-Potential Correlates of Stimulus Uncertainty , 1965, Science.

[3]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Patterns of cortical activation during planning of voluntary movement. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[4]  Gert Pfurtscheller,et al.  Brain-computer interface: a new communication device for handicapped persons , 1993 .

[5]  A. S. Relman,et al.  The Ingelfinger Rule. , 1981, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  M. Stokes,et al.  Cognitive tasks for driving a brain-computer interfacing system: a pilot study , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[7]  E. Donchin,et al.  The contingent negative variation and the late positive wave of the average evoked potential. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[8]  Pei-bai Zhou Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields , 1993 .

[9]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-based brain computer interface (BCI). Search for optimal electrode positions and frequency components. , 1995, Medical progress through technology.

[10]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  EEG-based communication: analysis of concurrent EMG activity. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[11]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Current trends in Graz Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[12]  D.H. Lange,et al.  Segmented matched filtering of single event related evoked potentials , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[13]  E Donchin,et al.  Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the first international meeting. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[14]  H Shibasaki,et al.  Invasive Recording of Movement‐Related Cortical Potentials in Humans , 1992, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[15]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Frontal interhemispheric asymmetry: self regulation and individual differences in humans , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[16]  E. W. Sellers,et al.  Toward enhanced P300 speller performance , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[17]  Wolfgang Rosenstiel,et al.  An MEG-based brain–computer interface (BCI) , 2007, NeuroImage.

[18]  J P Arpaia,et al.  A characterization of a single-trial adaptive filter and its implementation in the frequency domain. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[19]  E. Schmidt,et al.  Long-term implants of Parylene-C coated microelectrodes , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[20]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Neuronal population coding of movement direction. , 1986, Science.

[21]  Kim J. Burchiel,et al.  Factors influencing accuracy of operant control of pyramidal tract neurons in monkey , 1978, Brain Research.

[22]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification. , 1998, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[23]  Renee Polziehn,et al.  Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research , 2011 .

[24]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  A novel P300-based brain–computer interface stimulus presentation paradigm: Moving beyond rows and columns , 2010, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[25]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Spinal Cord Microstimulation Generates Functional Limb Movements in Chronically Implanted Cats , 2000, Experimental Neurology.

[26]  Robin Ficke Digest of Data on Persons with Disabilities. , 1992 .

[27]  J.R. LaCourse,et al.  An eye movement communication-control system for the disabled , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  Klaus-Robert Müller,et al.  Toward noninvasive brain-computer interfaces , 2006, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[29]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Language support program for thought-translation-devices , 1999 .

[30]  Black Ah The direct control of neural processes by reward and punishment. , 1971 .

[31]  Dennis J. McFarland,et al.  Design and operation of an EEG-based brain-computer interface with digital signal processing technology , 1997 .

[32]  Kenneth J. Pope,et al.  Thinking activates EMG in scalp electrical recordings , 2008, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[33]  R C Burgess,et al.  Event related potentials I , 1992, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[34]  Gert Pfurtscheller,et al.  Automated feature selection with a distinction sensitive learning vector quantizer , 1996, Neurocomputing.

[35]  W Lang,et al.  Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement. , 1996, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[36]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  fMRI Brain-Computer Interface: A Tool for Neuroscientific Research and Treatment , 2007, Comput. Intell. Neurosci..

[37]  P H Peckham,et al.  EEG-based control of a hand grasp neuroprosthesis. , 1999, Neuroreport.

[38]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-based discrimination between imagination of right and left hand movement. , 1997, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[39]  S. Bouisset,et al.  [Voluntary movement]. , 1953, Journal de physiologie.

[40]  K. Kilgore,et al.  Satisfaction with and usage of a hand neuroprosthesis. , 1999, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[41]  S. Lang,et al.  Learning effects on event‐related brain potentials , 2000, Neuroreport.

[42]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control. , 2011, Communications of the ACM.

[43]  G. Holmes Event-Related Desynchronization. Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Revised Series, Volume 6 Edited by G. Pfurtscheller and F.H. Lopes da Silva. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 1999, 406 pp., $236.00 , 2002, Epilepsy Research.

[44]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  Self-initiation of EEG-based communication in paralyzed patients , 2001, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[45]  L. Skoog,et al.  Historical aspects. , 2009, Monographs in clinical cytology.

[46]  G. Pfurtscheller Functional Topography During Sensorimotor Activation Studied with Event‐Related Desynchronization Mapping , 1989, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[47]  Walter H. Chang,et al.  The new design of an infrared-controlled human-computer interface for the disabled. , 1999, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[48]  P. Nunez,et al.  A theoretical and experimental study of high resolution EEG based on surface Laplacians and cortical imaging. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[49]  M. Sterman,et al.  Instrumental conditioning of sensorimotor cortex EEG spindles in the waking cat. , 1968 .

[50]  J. W. Kuhlman EEG feedback training of epileptic patients: clinical and electroencephalographic analysis. , 1978, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[51]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Movements elicited by electrical stimulation of muscles, nerves, intermediate spinal cord, and spinal roots in anesthetized and decerebrate cats , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[52]  J P Donoghue,et al.  Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex , 1994, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[53]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Multichannel EEG-based brain-computer communication. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[54]  P H Peckham,et al.  Applications of cortical signals to neuroprosthetic control: a critical review. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[55]  D. Humphrey Representation of movements and muscles within the primate precentral motor cortex: historical and current perspectives. , 1986, Federation proceedings.

[56]  M. Sterman,et al.  Biofeedback Training of the Sensorimotor Electroencephalogram Rhythm in Man: Effects on Epilepsy , 1974, Epilepsia.

[57]  Klaus-Robert Müller,et al.  Machine learning for real-time single-trial EEG-analysis: From brain–computer interfacing to mental state monitoring , 2008, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[58]  B. Allison,et al.  The effects of self-movement, observation, and imagination on mu rhythms and readiness potentials (RP's): toward a brain-computer interface (BCI). , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[59]  Gert Pfurtscheller,et al.  Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[60]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Brain-computer communication: unlocking the locked in. , 2001, Psychological bulletin.

[61]  Gerwin Schalk,et al.  A brain–computer interface using electrocorticographic signals in humans , 2004, Journal of neural engineering.

[62]  Dawn M. Taylor,et al.  Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices , 2002, Science.

[63]  D J McFarland,et al.  An EEG-based brain-computer interface for cursor control. , 1991, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[64]  R. Steinman,et al.  Eye movement , 1986, Vision Research.

[65]  Kim J. Burchiel,et al.  Operant control of precentral neurons in monkeys: Evidence against open loop control , 1979, Brain Research.

[66]  D.J. McFarland,et al.  The wadsworth BCI research and development program: at home with BCI , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[67]  P R Kennedy,et al.  Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[68]  G. Carter,et al.  Rehabilitation Management in Neuromuscular Disease , 1997 .

[69]  E. Marsolais,et al.  Walking with a hybrid orthosis system , 1999, Spinal Cord.

[70]  G. R. Muller,et al.  Brain oscillations control hand orthosis in a tetraplegic , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

[71]  Christoph Braun,et al.  Biofeedback of somatosensory event-related potentials: can individual pain sensations be modified by biofeedback-induced self-control of event-related potentials? , 1988, Pain.

[72]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  The BCI competition III: validating alternative approaches to actual BCI problems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[73]  V. Samar,et al.  Wavelet Analysis of Neuroelectric Waveforms: A Conceptual Tutorial , 1999, Brain and Language.

[74]  Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos,et al.  Brain-machine interface: Instant neural control of a movement signal , 2002, Nature.

[75]  Jon A. Mukand,et al.  Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia , 2006, Nature.

[76]  S P Levine,et al.  A direct brain interface based on event-related potentials. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[77]  Christa Neuper,et al.  Hidden Markov models for online classification of single trial EEG data , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[78]  J J Vidal,et al.  Toward direct brain-computer communication. , 1973, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.

[79]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  The thought translation device: a neurophysiological approach to communication in total motor paralysis , 1999, Experimental Brain Research.

[80]  Stephan Sand,et al.  ADAPTIVE AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELING FOR TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS , .

[81]  Gernot R. Müller-Putz,et al.  Self-Paced (Asynchronous) BCI Control of a Wheelchair in Virtual Environments: A Case Study with a Tetraplegic , 2007, Comput. Intell. Neurosci..

[82]  William W. Finley Biofeedback of Very Early Potentials from the Brain Stem , 1984 .

[83]  F Babiloni,et al.  Linear classification of low-resolution EEG patterns produced by imagined hand movements. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[84]  Bethany J Figg,et al.  National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , 2013 .

[85]  D. Tucker,et al.  EEG coherency. I: Statistics, reference electrode, volume conduction, Laplacians, cortical imaging, and interpretation at multiple scales. , 1997, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[86]  D. Kipke,et al.  Long-term neural recording characteristics of wire microelectrode arrays implanted in cerebral cortex. , 1999, Brain research. Brain research protocols.

[87]  Christa Neuper,et al.  An asynchronously controlled EEG-based virtual keyboard: improvement of the spelling rate , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[88]  E. Dewan Occipital Alpha Rhythm Eye Position and Lens Accommodation , 1967, Nature.

[89]  E Donchin,et al.  The mental prosthesis: assessing the speed of a P300-based brain-computer interface. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[90]  K. Newell Knowledge Of Results And Motor Learning , 1976, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[91]  Y. Sakakihara,et al.  New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator‐assisted Werdnig‐Hoffmann disease , 2000, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[92]  James C. Houk,et al.  Neural Control of Muscle Length and Tension , 2011 .

[93]  Rajesh P. N. Rao,et al.  Control of a humanoid robot by a noninvasive brain–computer interface in humans , 2008, Journal of neural engineering.

[94]  H. Flor,et al.  The thought translation device (TTD) for completely paralyzed patients. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[95]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Design of an EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) from Standard Components running in Real-time under Windows - Entwurf eines EEG-basierten Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) mit Standardkomponenten, das unter Windows in Echtzeit arbeitet , 1999, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[96]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Adaptive Autoregressive Modeling used for Single-trial EEG Classification - Verwendung eines Adaptiven Autoregressiven Modells für die Klassifikation von Einzeltrial-EEG-Daten , 1997, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[97]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[98]  F. H. Lopes da Silva,et al.  Event-related potentials: methodology and quantification , 1998 .

[99]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  Self-regulation of interhemispheric asymmetry in humans , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[100]  Claude E. Shannon,et al.  The Mathematical Theory of Communication , 1950 .

[101]  A H Black The direct control of neural processes by reward and punishment. , 1971, American scientist.

[102]  C. L. Callahan,et al.  The quality of life. , 1970, Nursing outlook.

[103]  S Makeig,et al.  A natural basis for efficient brain-actuated control. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[104]  G. Birch,et al.  Single-trial processing of event-related potentials using outlier information , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[105]  M. Siniatchkin,et al.  Neurofeedback—The Significance of Reinforcement and the Search for an Appropriate Strategy for the Success of Self-regulation , 2000, Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback.

[106]  B. He,et al.  Multimodal Functional Neuroimaging: Integrating Functional MRI and EEG/MEG , 2008, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering.

[107]  M Adjouadi,et al.  A practical EMG-based human-computer interface for users with motor disabilities. , 2000, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[108]  M. Sterman,et al.  Basic Concepts and Clinical Findings in the Treatment of Seizure Disorders with EEG Operant Conditioning , 2000, Clinical EEG.

[109]  M. Craggs Cortical control of motor prostheses: using the cord-transected baboon as the primate model for human paraplegia. , 1975, Advances in neurology.

[110]  David Popivanov,et al.  Method for single-trial readiness potential identification, based on singular spectrum analysis , 1996, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[111]  M J Stokes,et al.  EEG-based communication: a pattern recognition approach. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[112]  B. Porat,et al.  Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications. , 1988 .

[113]  B. Rockstroh Slow cortical potentials and behavior , 1989 .

[114]  B. Rockstroh,et al.  Slow potentials of the cerebral cortex and behavior. , 1990, Physiological reviews.

[115]  Shirley M Coyle,et al.  Brain–computer interface using a simplified functional near-infrared spectroscopy system , 2007, Journal of neural engineering.

[116]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Separability of EEG signals recorded during right and left motor imagery using adaptive autoregressive parameters. , 1998, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[117]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-Based Communication: Evaluation of Alternative Signal Prediction Methods - EEG-basierte Kommunikation: Evaluierung alternativer Methoden zur Signalprädiktion , 1997, Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering.

[118]  J P Rosenfeld,et al.  Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback of event-related potentials (brain waves): Historical perspective, review, future directions , 1990, Biofeedback and self-regulation.

[119]  Gary E. Birch,et al.  A brain-controlled switch for asynchronous control applications , 2000, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng..

[120]  J. Polich,et al.  On P300 measurement stability: habituation, intra-trial block variation, and ultradian rhythms , 1999, Biological Psychology.

[121]  G E Birch,et al.  Brain-computer interface research at the Neil Squire Foundation. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[122]  Fazlollah M. Reza,et al.  Introduction to Information Theory , 2004, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering.

[123]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Answering questions with an electroencephalogram-based brain-computer interface. , 1998, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[124]  R. Barry,et al.  Removal of ocular artifact from the EEG: a review , 2000, Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology.

[125]  Emanuel Donchin,et al.  Definition, Identification, and Reliability of Measurement of the P300 Component of the Event-Related Brain Potential , 1987 .

[126]  A Kostov,et al.  Parallel man-machine training in development of EEG-based cursor control. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[127]  B Hjorth,et al.  Principles for Transformation of Scalp EEG from Potential Field into Source Distribution , 1991, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[128]  S. P. Levine,et al.  Identification of electrocorticogram patterns as the basis for a direct brain interface. , 1999, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[129]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Designing optimal spatial filters for single-trial EEG classification in a movement task , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[130]  Z. Keirn,et al.  A new mode of communication between man and his surroundings , 1990, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[131]  A. Schwartz,et al.  Work toward real-time control of a cortical neural prothesis. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[132]  E. Evarts Pyramidal tract activity associated with a conditioned hand movement in the monkey. , 1966, Journal of neurophysiology.

[133]  J D Bayliss,et al.  A virtual reality testbed for brain-computer interface research. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[134]  J P Lane,et al.  Assessing consumer profiles of 'ideal' assistive technologies in ten categories: an integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. , 1997, Disability and rehabilitation.

[135]  X Liu,et al.  Stability of the interface between neural tissue and chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes. , 1999, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[136]  W. D. Penny,et al.  Real-time brain-computer interfacing: A preliminary study using Bayesian learning , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[137]  Deborah A. Stevens-Smith Brain Games , 2006 .

[138]  P. Kennedy The cone electrode: a long-term electrode that records from neurites grown onto its recording surface , 1989, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[139]  G. Chatrian,et al.  The EEG of the waking adult , 1976 .

[140]  J J Tecce,et al.  Eye movement control of computer functions. , 1998, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[141]  K. M. Rice,et al.  Biofeedback treatments of generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary results , 1993, Biofeedback and self-regulation.

[142]  E. Donchin Presidential address, 1980. Surprise!...Surprise? , 1981, Psychophysiology.

[143]  E Donchin,et al.  A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. , 1983, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[144]  S. Hillyard,et al.  Intra-modal and cross-modal spatial attention to auditory and visual stimuli. An event-related brain potential study. , 1999, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[145]  J H ten Kate,et al.  Optical and eye-controlled communication aids. , 1989, Journal of medical engineering & technology.

[146]  R. Ward,et al.  EMG and EOG artifacts in brain computer interface systems: A survey , 2007, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[147]  G Calhoun,et al.  Brain-computer interfaces based on the steady-state visual-evoked response. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[148]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Enhancement of left-right sensorimotor EEG differences during feedback-regulated motor imagery. , 1999, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[149]  R. Rosenfeld Nature , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[150]  J R Wolpaw,et al.  EEG-based communication and control: short-term role of feedback. , 1998, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[151]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  BCI2000: a general-purpose brain-computer interface (BCI) system , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[152]  Erich E. Sutter,et al.  The brain response interface: communication through visually-induced electrical brain responses , 1992 .

[153]  D H Barlow,et al.  Effects of anxiety on attentional allocation and task performance: an information processing analysis. , 1997, Behaviour research and therapy.

[154]  J.J. Vidal,et al.  Real-time detection of brain events in EEG , 1977, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[155]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Timing of EEG-based cursor control. , 1997, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[156]  M. Nuttin,et al.  A brain-actuated wheelchair: Asynchronous and non-invasive Brain–computer interfaces for continuous control of robots , 2008, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[157]  N. Birbaumer,et al.  A New Method for Self-Regulation of Slow Cortical Potentials in a Timed Paradigm , 1997, Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback.

[158]  William W. Armstrong,et al.  Adaptive Logic Networks , 2005 .

[159]  A. Schwartz,et al.  Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: population representation during sinusoid tracing. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.

[160]  Christopher R. Stambaugh,et al.  Simultaneous encoding of tactile information by three primate cortical areas , 1998, Nature Neuroscience.

[161]  Dennis J. McFarland,et al.  Brain-Computer Interface Operation of Robotic and Prosthetic Devices , 2008, Computer.

[162]  Masud Mansuripur,et al.  Introduction to information theory , 1986 .

[163]  N Birbaumer,et al.  Short‐term effects of behavioral treatment on movement initiation and postural control in Parkinson's disease: A controlled clinical study , 1997, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[164]  A. Schwartz,et al.  Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: population representation during lemniscate tracing. , 1999 .

[165]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  EEG-based communication: presence of an error potential , 2000, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[166]  Miguel A. L. Nicolelis,et al.  Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex , 1999, Nature Neuroscience.

[167]  B. Rockstroh,et al.  Biofeedback of slow cortical potentials. I. , 1980, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[168]  L. P. Straus,et al.  Hand-held text-to-speech device for the non-vocal disabled. , 1987, Journal of biomedical engineering.

[169]  E. Fetz Operant Conditioning of Cortical Unit Activity , 1969, Science.

[170]  H. Flor,et al.  A spelling device for the paralysed , 1999, Nature.

[171]  J R Wolpaw,et al.  Spatial filter selection for EEG-based communication. , 1997, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[172]  A. Schlögl,et al.  Artifact Processing in Computerized Analysis of Sleep EEG – A Review , 1999, Neuropsychobiology.

[173]  Werner Sommer,et al.  Operant conditioning of P300 , 1992, Biological Psychology.

[174]  J. Knott,et al.  Alpha enhancement research: a review. , 1975, Biological psychiatry.

[175]  B. Rockstroh,et al.  Operant control of EEG and event-related and slow brain potentials , 1984, Biofeedback and self-regulation.

[176]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Neurobiology: Rain Man's revelations , 1999, Nature.

[177]  Niels Birbaumer,et al.  Is there a mind? Electrophysiology of unconscious patients. , 2002, News in physiological sciences : an international journal of physiology produced jointly by the International Union of Physiological Sciences and the American Physiological Society.

[178]  Erich E. Sutter,et al.  The field topography of ERG components in man—I. The photopic luminance response , 1992, Vision Research.

[179]  F. L. D. Silva,et al.  Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles , 1999, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[180]  D J McFarland,et al.  Brain-computer interface research at the Wadsworth Center. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[181]  G E Loeb,et al.  Issues in Cochlear Prosthetics From an International Survey of Opinions , 1991, International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.

[182]  M. Ghilardi,et al.  P300-like potentials in the normal monkey using classical conditioning and an auditory 'oddball' paradigm. , 1986, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[183]  N Birbaumer,et al.  A binary spelling interface with random errors. , 2000, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[184]  P. Kennedy,et al.  Restoration of neural output from a paralyzed patient by a direct brain connection , 1998, Neuroreport.

[185]  E. Fetz,et al.  Correlations between activity of motor cortex cells and arm muscles during operantly conditioned response patterns , 1975, Experimental Brain Research.

[186]  Dean J Krusienski,et al.  Brain-computer interface signal processing at the Wadsworth Center: mu and sensorimotor beta rhythms. , 2006, Progress in brain research.

[187]  Jonathan R Wolpaw,et al.  Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive brain-computer interface in humans. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[188]  W. Walter,et al.  Contingent Negative Variation : An Electric Sign of Sensori-Motor Association and Expectancy in the Human Brain , 1964, Nature.

[189]  F. D. Silva Neural mechanisms underlying brain waves: from neural membranes to networks. , 1991 .

[190]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Mu and Beta Rhythm Topographies During Motor Imagery and Actual Movements , 2004, Brain Topography.

[191]  F. Rösler,et al.  Event-related potentials during auditory and somatosensory discrimination in sighted and blind human subjects. , 1996, Brain research. Cognitive brain research.

[192]  T. Sejnowski,et al.  Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation. , 2000, Psychophysiology.

[193]  A. Nobre,et al.  The dynamics of shifting visuospatial attention revealed by event-related potentials , 2000, Neuropsychologia.

[194]  J. Kamiya,et al.  The control of electroencephalographic alpha rhythms through auditory feedback and the associated mental activity. , 1970, Psychophysiology.

[195]  T. Pedley,et al.  Beta and Mu Rhythms , 1990, Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society.

[196]  Dennis J. McFarland,et al.  Brain-computer interface (BCI) operation: signal and noise during early training sessions , 2005, Clinical Neurophysiology.

[197]  Edward M. Schmidt,et al.  Single neuron recording from motor cortex as a possible source of signals for control of external devices , 2006, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[198]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Evaluation of event-related desynchronization (ERD) preceding and following voluntary self-paced movement. , 1979, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[199]  A Michalski Feedback processing as parallel task in P300 conditioning. , 1999, Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis.

[200]  C.W. Anderson,et al.  Multivariate autoregressive models for classification of spontaneous electroencephalographic signals during mental tasks , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[201]  E. Donchin,et al.  Talking off the top of your head: toward a mental prosthesis utilizing event-related brain potentials. , 1988, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[202]  B. Giraudeau,et al.  Quality of life in ALS is maintained as physical function declines , 2001, Neurology.

[203]  G E Loeb,et al.  Neural signals for command control and feedback in functional neuromuscular stimulation: a review. , 1996, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[204]  a.R.V.,et al.  Clinical neurophysiology , 1961, Neurology.

[205]  C H Lücking,et al.  Statistical evaluation of slow brain potentials on the basis of single trials. , 1990, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[206]  G Pfurtscheller,et al.  Frequency component selection for an EEG-based brain to computer interface. , 1999, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[207]  F. H. Lopes da Silva Neural mechanisms underlying brain waves: from neural membranes to networks. , 1991, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[208]  Jerald D. Kralik,et al.  Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates , 2000, Nature.

[209]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. , 1996 .

[210]  G. Pfurtscheller,et al.  Motor imagery activates primary sensorimotor area in humans , 1997, Neuroscience Letters.

[211]  A H Black,et al.  Avoidance training of hippocampal theta waves in flaxedilized dogs and its relation to skeletal movement. , 1970, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.