Patient‐oriented learning: a review of the role of the patient in the education of medical students

To explore the contribution patients can make to medical education from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, to describe a framework for reviewing and monitoring patient involvement in specific educational situations and to generate suggestions for further research.

[1]  F. Bradley.  The hospital as a college. , 1957, Medical times.

[2]  O. Harlem,et al.  TOMORROW'S DOCTORS , 1972 .

[3]  B. Lux.  THE ROLE OF THE PATIENT , 1973, The Probe.

[4]  Physicians for the twenty-first century. Report of the Project Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine. , 1984, Journal of medical education.

[5]  David Tuckett,et al.  Meetings Between Experts: An Approach to Sharing Ideas in Medical Consultations , 1986 .

[6]  C. Zwillich,et al.  The physiologic and psychological effects of the bedside presentation. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[7]  H. Schmidt,et al.  A cognitive perspective on medical expertise: theory and implication [published erratum appears in Acad Med 1992 Apr;67(4):287] , 1990, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[8]  F Sturmans,et al.  Does competence of general practitioners predict their performance? Comparison between examination setting and actual practice. , 1991, BMJ.

[9]  K L White,et al.  Textbook of Adverse Drug Reactions , 1992, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[10]  H Spiro,et al.  What is empathy and can it be taught? , 1992, Annals of internal medicine.

[11]  H. Spiro.  Empathy and the practice of medicine : beyond pills and the scalpel , 1993 .

[12]  D. Magrane,et al.  Obstetric patients who select and those who refuse medical students' participation in their care , 1994, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[13]  Richard M. Frankel,et al.  The Medical Interview , 1995, Frontiers of Primary Care.

[14]  R. Hoppe.  Standardized (Simulated) Patients and the Medical Interview , 1995 .

[15]  J. Brown.  Patient-centred medicine: Transforming the clinical method , 1998 .

[16]  P. Curtis.  One of our teachers is missing. , 1995, Family medicine.

[17]  L. Gruppen,et al.  The use of trained patient educators with rheumatoid arthritis to teach medical students. , 1996, Arthritis care and research : the official journal of the Arthritis Health Professions Association.

[18]  Spiro.  Empathy and the Practice of Medicine , 1996 .

[19]  J. Guilbert,et al.  The need for more efficacy and relevance in medical education , 1996, Medical education.

[20]  R. Hays,et al.  Problem-Based Learning Using Ambulatory Patients , 1997 .

[21]  R. Epstein,et al.  Calibrating the Physician: Personal Awareness and Effective Patient Care , 1997 .

[22]  P. O'Malley,et al.  A prospective study to assess the effect of ambulatory teaching on patient satisfaction , 1997, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[23]  J. Spencer,et al.  Consent and confidentiality in teaching in general practice: survey of patients' views on presence of students , 1997, BMJ.

[24]  R. Indudhara.  Personal awareness and effective patient care. , 1997, JAMA.

[25]  R. Epstein,et al.  Calibrating the physician. Personal awareness and effective patient care. Working Group on Promoting Physician Personal Awareness, American Academy on Physician and Patient. , 1997, JAMA.

[26]  R. M. Harden,et al.  AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 13: real patients, simulated patients and simulators in clinical examinations , 1998 .

[27]  Lynöe,et al.  Informed consent in clinical training – patient experiences and motives for participating , 1998, Medical education.

[28]  N. Rubin,et al.  Health care perceptions of the standardized patient , 1998, Medical education.

[29]  J. Spencer,et al.  Patients as teachers: a qualitative study of patients’ views on their role in a community‐based undergraduate project , 1999, Medical education.

[30]  G. Hendry,et al.  Patients teach students: partners in arthritis education , 1999, Medical education.

[31]  R. Epstein,et al.  Toward creating physician-healers: fostering medical students' self-awareness, personal growth, and well-being. , 1999, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[32]  J. Kai,et al.  Learning to value ethnic diversity – what, why and how? , 1999, Medical education.

[33]  E. Thomas,et al.  The patient's experience of being interviewed by first-year medical students , 1999 .

[34]  P. A. Blasco,et al.  Parents‐as‐teachers: design and establishment of a training programme for paediatric residents , 1999, Medical education.

[35]  G. Freeman,et al.  Quality at general practice consultations: cross sectional survey , 1999, BMJ.

[36]  J. Spencer,et al.  Does teaching during a general practice consultation affect patient care? , 1999, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[37]  Angela Coulter,et al.  Paternalism or partnership? , 1999, BMJ.

[38]  G. Wykurz,et al.  Patients in medical education: from passive participants to active partners , 1999, Medical education.

[39]  John Spencer,et al.  Using real patients in problem-based learning: students' comments on the value of using real, as opposed to paper cases, in a problem-based learning module in general practice. , 2001 .

[40]  J Spencer,et al.  Using real patients in problem‐based learning: students’ comments on the value of using real, as opposed to paper cases, in a problem‐based learning module in general practice , 2001, Medical education.