An anatomical model of the gastric system for producing bioelectric and biomagnetic fields.

Between 60 and 70 million people in the United States are affected by gastrointestinal disorders. Many of these conditions are difficult to assess without surgical intervention and accurate noninvasive techniques to aid in clinical assessment are needed. Through the use of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gradiometer, the weak magnetic field generated as a result of muscular activity in the digestive system can be measured. However, the interpretation of these magnetic recordings remains a significant challenge. We have created an anatomically realistic biophysically based mathematical model of the human digestive system and using this model normal gastric electrical control activity (ECA) has been simulated. The external magnetic fields associated with this gastric ECA have also been computed and are shown to be in qualitative agreement with recordings taken from normal individuals. The model framework thus provides a rational basis from which to begin interpreting magnetic recordings from normal and diseased individuals.

[1]  William O. Richards,et al.  Magnetoenterography (MENG) , 1996, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[2]  Z. S. Wang,et al.  Mathematical modeling of nonlinear coupling mechanisms of gastric slow wave propagation and its SIMULINK simulation for investigating gastric dysrhythmia and pacing , 2000, Proceedings 13th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. CBMS 2000.

[3]  T S Nelsen,et al.  Simulation of the electrical and mechanical gradient of the small intestine. , 1968, The American journal of physiology.

[4]  T. Abell,et al.  A model of gastric electrical activity in health and disease , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[5]  J. Wikswo,et al.  A simple nonlinear model of electrical activity in the intestine. , 2000, Journal of theoretical biology.

[6]  Berj L. Bardakjian,et al.  Chaos in coupled nonlinear gastric oscillators , 1990 .

[7]  W. C. Alvarez,et al.  The electrogastrogram and what it shows , 1922 .

[8]  S. Ward,et al.  Distribution of pacemaker function through the tunica muscularis of the canine gastric antrum , 2001, The Journal of physiology.

[9]  G. Hirst,et al.  An additional role for ICC in the control of gastrointestinal motility? , 2001, The Journal of physiology.

[10]  R C Barr,et al.  Mathematical modeling of electrical activity of the heart. , 1987, Journal of electrocardiology.

[11]  R. Davis,et al.  An exploration of abdominal potentials. , 1957, Journal of comparative and physiological psychology.

[12]  A. J. Pullan,et al.  Mathematical models and numerical methods for the forward problem in cardiac electrophysiology , 2002 .

[13]  A J Bauer,et al.  Origin and spread of slow waves in canine gastric antral circular muscle. , 1985, The American journal of physiology.

[14]  R. FitzHugh.  Impulses and Physiological States in Theoretical Models of Nerve Membrane. , 1961, Biophysical journal.

[15]  P. Hunter,et al.  A Deformable Finite Element Derived Finite Difference Method for Cardiac Activation Problems , 2003, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[16]  U. Scafoglieri,et al.  A model of extracellular waveshape of the gastric electrical activity , 2006, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[17]  J P Wikswo,et al.  Noninvasive detection of ischemic bowel. , 1999, Journal of vascular surgery.

[18]  S. Knisley,et al.  Effective Epicardial Resistance of Rabbit Ventricles , 2004, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[19]  J. Wikswo,et al.  The human vector magnetogastrogram and magnetoenterogram , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[20]  W O Richards,et al.  Effects of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion on small bowel electrical activity. , 1998, The Journal of surgical research.

[21]  V. Spitzer,et al.  The visible human male: a technical report. , 1996, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA.

[22]  Berj L. Bardakjian,et al.  A Computer Model of Human Colonic Electrical Control Activity (ECA) , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[23]  E E Daniel,et al.  Premature control potentials in the dog stomach and in the gastric computer model. , 1972, The American journal of physiology.

[24]  E E Daniel,et al.  Electrical stimulation of gastric electrical control activity. , 1973, The American journal of physiology.

[25]  E E Daniel,et al.  Effects of partial cuts on gastric electrical control activity and its computer model. , 1972, The American journal of physiology.

[26]  G. Locke,et al.  Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and impact: Edited by James E. Everhart. 799 pp. $15.00. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, Bethesda, Maryland, 1994. NIH Publication No. 94-1447 , 1995 .

[27]  S. Sarna,et al.  Simulation of slow-wave electrical activity of small intestine. , 1971, The American journal of physiology.

[28]  C. Bradley,et al.  Effects of Material Properties and Geometry on Electrocardiographic Forward Simulations , 2000, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[29]  J P Wikswo,et al.  Correlation and comparison of magnetic and electric detection of small intestinal electrical activity. , 1997, The American journal of physiology.

[30]  R. Miftakhov,et al.  Numerical simulation of motility patterns of the small bowel. 1. formulation of a mathematical model. , 1999, Journal of theoretical biology.

[31]  R. H. Smallwood,et al.  Intestinal smooth muscle electrical potentials recorded from surface electrodes , 2006, Medical and biological engineering.

[32]  Y. J. Kingma,et al.  Study of transcutaneous and intraluminal measurement of gastric electrical activity in humans , 1987, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[33]  K. Abraham-Fuchs,et al.  Biomagnetic 3-Dimensional Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Electrical Activity of Human Stomach , 1998, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[34]  Leo K. Cheng,et al.  Modelling gastrointestinal bioelectric activity. , 2004, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[35]  Andrew J. Pullan,et al.  Application of the BEM in biopotential problems , 2002 .

[36]  Y. Rudy,et al.  Linking a genetic defect to its cellular phenotype in a cardiac arrhythmia , 1999, Nature.

[37]  U. Scafoglieri,et al.  Model to simulate the gastric electrical control and response activity on the stomach wall and on the abdominal surface , 1986, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[38]  Martin P. Mintchev,et al.  Application of an object-oriented programming paradigm in three-dimensional computer modeling of mechanically active gastrointestinal tissues , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.