Proximity and threats in highland ponies

Abstract Re-analysis of highland pony data of Clutton-Brock et al. [Clutton-Brock, T.H., Greenwood, P.J., Powell, R.P., 1976. Ranks and relationships in highland ponies and highland cows. Z. Tierpsychol. 41, 202–216.] suggests that rank- and age-like ponies tend to have similar patterns of physical spatial proximity to others. This may also be the case for patterns of threat involvement, but it is less clear. Beyond individuals' overall tendencies to be near others, proximity is greater for pairs with less difference in age and in which there is frequent grooming; effects of rank and height difference and kinship do not significantly improve fit. Beyond individuals' overall tendencies to be involved in threats, threats are more frequent in pairs with less difference in age, more difference in rank, and more grooming; effects of height difference or kinship do not significantly improve fit. Results illuminate the connection between demographic characteristics and social relations.

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