ÆTIOLOGY OF ADENOMA—CARCINOMA SEQUENCE IN LARGE BOWEL

A hypothesis, based on epidemiological and histopathological data, is proposed to account for the aetiology of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Adenomas are initially caused by an environmental agent which acts on the colorectal cells of adenoma-prone persons, a further environmental agent causes small adenomas to grow, and a carcinogen causes malignancy in a high proportion of large adenomas.

[1]  G. Stemmermann,et al.  Diverticulosis and polyps of the large intestine. A necropsy study of hawaii japanese , 1973, Cancer.

[2]  T C ARMINSKI,et al.  Incidence and distribution of adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum based on 1,000 autopsy examinations , 1964, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[3]  T. Muto,et al.  The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum , 1974, Cancer.

[4]  N. Mostafavi,et al.  Colorectal polyps and carcinoma in Southern Iran , 1977, Cancer.

[5]  T. Muto,et al.  Comparative histologic study of adenomas of the large intestine in Japan and England, with special reference to malignant potential , 1977, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[6]  A. O. Williams,et al.  Intestinal polyps in American negroes and Nigerian africans. , 1975, British Journal of Cancer.

[7]  L. Ackerman,et al.  Relationship of Polyps of the Colon to Colonic Cancer , 1958, Annals of surgery.

[8]  C. Bremner,et al.  Polyps and carcinoma of the large bowel in the South African Bantu , 1970, Cancer.

[9]  O. Gregor,et al.  Gastrointestinal cancer and nutrition , 1969, Gut.

[10]  L. E. Hughes.  The Incidence of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Colon and Rectum: A Post-Mortem Study. , 1968, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.

[11]  E. Wynder,et al.  Metabolic epidemiology of colorectal cancer , 1974, Cancer.

[12]  M. J. Hill,et al.  Bacteria and the etiology of colonic cancer , 1974, Cancer.

[13]  Denis Burkitt.  Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum , 1971 .

[14]  G. Ekelund.  ON CANCER AND POLYPS OF COLON AND RECTUM. , 2009, Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica.

[15]  W. Haenszel,et al.  Large-bowel cancer in Hawaiian Japanese. , 1973, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[16]  B. Drasar,et al.  Faecal bile-acids and clostridia in patients with cancer of the large bowel. , 1975, Lancet.

[17]  Eileen Lovett,et al.  Family studies in cancer of the colon and rectum , 1976, The British journal of surgery.

[18]  B. Drasar,et al.  Faecal steroids and bacteria and large bowel cancer in Hong Kong by socio-economic groups. , 1976, British Journal of Cancer.

[19]  E. Wynder,et al.  Environmental factors of cancer of the colon and rectum , 1967, Cancer.

[20]  L. Strong.  Genetic etiology of cancer , 1977, Cancer.