Alphonse de Candolle's early scientometrics(1883, 1885) with references to recent trends in the field (1978–1983)

De Candolle analyzed in 1883 and 1885, respectively two important fields of human cultural evolution: the domestication of crop plants and the emergence of modern science. In hisHistoire de science et des savants depuis deux sciecles, principles were established, science indicators outlined, interactions examined and mathematical methods applied to the study of a selected data set related to scientific development. In order to compare national and international scientific communities twenty standard factors were considered and national participation in international scientific societies was analysed for 14 European countries and the United States.De Candolle was the first to analyse mathematically the number, dynamics and national distribution of scientists in their professional organisations, the specialization and professionalization of scientists and characterized the scientific potential of different countries with the number of international science society members per inhabitant per period (1750–1884). The role ofde Candolle as a forerunner of modern scientometrics and the science of science is revealed in a comparison of his work with recent trends. In the first five volumes of the journalScientometrics 51 papers were identified dealing with topics related to those dealt with byde Candolle.

[1]  P. B. Shelishch.  A quantitative study of biologists in the 18th and 19th centuries , 1982, Scientometrics.

[2]  J. Vlachý,et al.  Mobility in science , 2005, Scientometrics.

[3]  A. A. Manten,et al.  Publication of scientific information is not identical with communication , 1980, Scientometrics.

[4]  Bruno Latour,et al.  How to measure the degree of independence of a research system? , 2005, Scientometrics.

[5]  Gennady M. Dobrov,et al.  New options for team research via international computer networks , 1979, Scientometrics.

[6]  K. D. Knorr,et al.  Publication productivity and professional position: Cross-national evidence on the role of organizations , 1980, Scientometrics.

[7]  P. Klincenberg.  V. CSÁNYI: General theory of evolution. 123 Seiten. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1982. Preis: 120,‐ Ft. , 1983 .

[8]  Tibor Braun,et al.  Scientometric analysis of attendance at International Scientific Meetings , 1983, Scientometrics.

[9]  Michael E. D. Koenig,et al.  Determinants of expert judgement of research performance , 1982, Scientometrics.

[10]  Theodosius Dobzhansky,et al.  Genetic Diversity and Human Equality: The Facts and Fallacies in the Explosive Genetics and Education Controversy. , 1975 .

[11]  Cornelius Le Pair,et al.  Switching between academic disciplines in universities in the Netherlands , 1980, Scientometrics.

[12]  Yu. V. Granovsky,et al.  On scientometrical characteristics on information activities of leading scientists , 1979, Scientometrics.

[13]  S. Woolgar,et al.  The Manufacture of Knowledge: an Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science , 1982 .

[14]  Derek J. de Solla Price,et al.  Comments on “U. S. science in an international perspective” , 1980, Scientometrics.

[15]  Donald de B. Beaver,et al.  Studies in scientific collaboration , 2005, Scientometrics.

[16]  Donald de B. Beaver,et al.  Studies in scientific collaboration , 1978, Scientometrics.

[17]  R. B. Baldauf,et al.  Language use patterns in the fisheries periodical literature , 2005, Scientometrics.

[18]  D. Price,et al.  Some remarks on elitism in information and the invisible college phenomenon in science , 1971 .

[19]  Manfred Kochen,et al.  The cognitive paradigm , 1983, Scientometrics.

[20]  Daryl E. Chubin,et al.  Is citation analysis a legitimate evaluation tool? , 1979, Scientometrics.

[21]  R. McGinnis,et al.  A matrix analysis of scientific special ties and careers in science , 1979, Scientometrics.

[22]  Alphonse de Candolle.  Histoire des sciences et des savants depuis deux siècles : précédée et suivie d'autres études sur des sujets scientifiques en particulier sur l'hérédité et la sélection dans l'espèce humaine / par Alphonse de Candolle. , 1885 .

[23]  E. J. Malecki,et al.  A note on the geographical concentration of scientific personnel in the USA , 1981, Scientometrics.

[24]  V Csányi,et al.  General theory of evolution. , 1980, Acta biologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae.

[25]  U. Sucker.  S. R. Mikulinskij, L. A. Markova, B. A. Starostin, Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893). Aus d. Russ. übersetzt v. G. Ludwig. Biographien bedeutender Biologen Bd. 3. 224 S., 1 Abb. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag. Jena, 1980. Preis: kart. 29,00 M , 1983 .

[26]  William M. Shaw,et al.  Information theory and scientific communication , 1981, Scientometrics.

[27]  Gunther Buchheim,et al.  Alphonse de Candolle (1806-1893). , 1981 .

[28]  J. van Houten,et al.  Migration of physicists to other academic disciplines: Situation in the Netherlands , 2005, Scientometrics.

[29]  D. Chisholm,et al.  Indicators of public attitudes toward science and technology , 2005, Scientometrics.

[30]  D. H. Hall,et al.  The earth and planetary sciences in science during the twentieth century , 1981, Scientometrics.

[31]  Francis Narin,et al.  Objectivity versus relevance in studies of scientific advance , 1978, Scientometrics.

[32]  Michael J. Moravcsik,et al.  Scientific output in the third world , 2005, Scientometrics.

[33]  Herbert Inhaber,et al.  World science as an input-output system , 2005, Scientometrics.

[34]  J. P. Rushton,et al.  Personality, research creativity, and teaching effectiveness in university professors , 1983, Scientometrics.

[35]  Alphonse P. De Candolle,et al.  Origine des plantes cultivées , 1883 .

[36]  J. Ben-David,et al.  “U. S. Science in international perspective” , 1980, Scientometrics.