Robust Subgraph Generation Improves Abstract Meaning Representation Parsing

The Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a representation for open-domain rich semantics, with potential use in fields like event extraction and machine translation. Node generation, typically done using a simple dictionary lookup, is currently an important limiting factor in AMR parsing. We propose a small set of actions that derive AMR subgraphs by transformations on spans of text, which allows for more robust learning of this stage. Our set of construction actions generalize better than the previous approach, and can be learned with a simple classifier. We improve on the previous state-of-the-art result for AMR parsing, boosting end-to-end performance by 3 F$_1$ on both the LDC2013E117 and LDC2014T12 datasets.

[1]  Rohit J. Kate,et al.  Learning to Transform Natural to Formal Languages , 2005, AAAI.

[2]  Ted Pedersen,et al.  An Adapted Lesk Algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation Using WordNet , 2002, CICLing.

[3]  Luke S. Zettlemoyer,et al.  Learning to Map Sentences to Logical Form: Structured Classification with Probabilistic Categorial Grammars , 2005, UAI.

[4]  Dan Klein,et al.  Learning Dependency-Based Compositional Semantics , 2011, CL.

[5]  Peter Clark,et al.  Modeling Biological Processes for Reading Comprehension , 2014, EMNLP.

[6]  Daniel Gildea,et al.  Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles , 2000, ACL.

[7]  Dan Roth,et al.  Semantic Role Labeling Via Integer Linear Programming Inference , 2004, COLING.

[8]  Vivek Srikumar,et al.  The semantics of role labeling , 2013 .

[9]  David Yarowsky,et al.  Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling Supervised Methods , 1995, ACL.

[10]  Noah A. Smith,et al.  Frame-Semantic Parsing , 2014, CL.

[11]  Daniel Gildea,et al.  The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles , 2005, CL.

[12]  Philipp Koehn,et al.  Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking , 2013, LAW@ACL.

[13]  Alon Lavie,et al.  An interlingua based on domain actions for machine translation of task-oriented dialogues , 1998, ICSLP.

[14]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  The KANT perspective: a critique of pure transfer (and pure interlingua, pure statistics, .. ) , 1992, TMI.

[15]  Tommaso Caselli,et al.  SemEval-2010 Task 13: TempEval-2 , 2010, *SEMEVAL.

[16]  Sabine Buchholz,et al.  CoNLL-X Shared Task on Multilingual Dependency Parsing , 2006, CoNLL.

[17]  Oren Etzioni,et al.  Learning to Solve Arithmetic Word Problems with Verb Categorization , 2014, EMNLP.

[18]  R. Hursthouse THE LOGIC OF DECISION AND ACTION , 1969 .

[19]  Christopher D. Manning,et al.  Incorporating Non-local Information into Information Extraction Systems by Gibbs Sampling , 2005, ACL.

[20]  Angel X. Chang,et al.  SUTime: A library for recognizing and normalizing time expressions , 2012, LREC.

[21]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  A Discriminative Graph-Based Parser for the Abstract Meaning Representation , 2014, ACL.

[22]  Christopher D. Manning,et al.  The Stanford Typed Dependencies Representation , 2008, CF+CDPE@COLING.

[23]  David L. Davidson,et al.  The Logical Form of Action Sentences , 2001 .

[24]  Jaime G. Carbonell,et al.  An Efficient Interlingua Translation System for Multi-lingual Document Production , 1991, MTSUMMIT.

[25]  Michael Gertz,et al.  HeidelTime: High Quality Rule-Based Extraction and Normalization of Temporal Expressions , 2010, *SEMEVAL.

[26]  Satoshi Sekine,et al.  A survey of named entity recognition and classification , 2007 .

[27]  Yang Gao,et al.  Aligning English Strings with Abstract Meaning Representation Graphs , 2014, EMNLP.

[28]  Chuan Wang,et al.  A Transition-based Algorithm for AMR Parsing , 2015, NAACL.

[29]  Jacob Andreas,et al.  Semantics-Based Machine Translation with Hyperedge Replacement Grammars , 2012, COLING.

[30]  Koby Crammer,et al.  Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers , 2005, ACL.

[31]  Terence Parsons,et al.  Events in the Semantics of English: A Study in Subatomic Semantics , 1990 .

[32]  Kevin Knight,et al.  Smatch: an Evaluation Metric for Semantic Feature Structures , 2013, ACL.