Acclimation of leaf characteristics of Fagus species to previous-year and current-year solar irradiances.

To examine the effects of different solar irradiances on leaf characteristics at the leaf primordium and expansion stages, we shaded parts of branches in the upper canopies of two adult beech trees, Fagus crenata Blume and Fagus japonica Maxim., for 4 years. The treatments during the leaf primordium and leaf expansion stages, respectively, were: (1) high light and high light (H, control), (2) high light and low light (HL), (3) low light and low light (LL), and (4) low light and high light (LH). Both number of cell layers in palisade tissue and individual leaf area were affected by the previous-year irradiance, whereas cell length of palisade tissue was larger in LH leaves than in LL leaves, suggesting determination by current-year irradiance. Lamina chlorophyll/nitrogen ratio was higher in HL and LL leaves than in LH leaves, suggesting determination by current-year irradiance. Diurnal minimum values of leaf water potential measured under sunlit conditions were lower in H and LH leaves than in HL and LL leaves. Effective osmotic adjustment was found in H and LH leaves, suggesting that leaf water relations were affected by current-year irradiance. Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance measured under sunlight conditions were higher in H and LH leaves than in HL and LL leaves. Thus, effects of current-year irradiance had a greater effect on leaf-area-based daily carbon gain than previous-year irradiance.

[1]  A. Ishida,et al.  Interactive effects of leaf age and self-shading on leaf structure, photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence in the rain forest tree, Dryobalanops aromatica. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[2]  T. Toma,et al.  Limitation of leaf carbon gain by stomatal and photochemical processes in the top canopy of Macaranga conifera, a tropical pioneer tree. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[3]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Evidence that hydraulic conductance limits photosynthesis in old Pinus ponderosa trees. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[4]  T. Toma,et al.  Leaf gas exchange and cholorphyll fluorescence in relation to leaf angle, azimuth, and canopy position in the tropical pioneer tree, Macaranga conifera. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[5]  T. Tschaplinski,et al.  Clonal and seasonal differences in leaf osmotic potential and organic solutes of five hybrid poplar clones grown under field conditions. , 1998, Tree physiology.

[6]  I. Terashima,et al.  Effects of current-year and previous-year PPFDs on shoot gross morphology and leaf properties in Fagus japonica. , 1998, Tree physiology.

[7]  R. Tognetti,et al.  Acclimation to changing light conditions of long-term shade-grown beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings of different geographic origins , 1998, Trees.

[8]  M. G. Ryan,et al.  Hydraulic Limits to Tree Height and Tree Growth , 1997 .

[9]  T. Koike.  Effects of shading on Leaf Structural Characteristics in Successional Deciduous Broadleaved Tree Seedlings and Their Silvicultural Meaning , 1997 .

[10]  H. Toda,et al.  Effects of shading on leaf structural characteristics in successional deciduous broadleaved tree seedlings and thier silvicultural meaning , 1997 .

[11]  D. Hollinger.  Optimality and nitrogen allocation in a tree canopy. , 1996, Tree physiology.

[12]  J. R. Evans.  Photosynthetic Acclimation and Nitrogen Partitioning Within a Lucerne Canopy. I. Canopy Characteristics , 1993 .

[13]  J. R. Evans.  Photosynthetic acclimation and nitrogen partitioning within a lucerne canopy. II: Stability through time and comparison with a theoretical optimum , 1993 .

[14]  F. Ewers,et al.  The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants , 1991 .

[15]  A. Schoettle,et al.  Interrelation between shoot characteristics and solar irradiance in the crown of Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia. , 1991, Tree physiology.

[16]  H. Mooney,et al.  Plant Physiological Ecology-Field Methods and Instrumentation. , 1990 .

[17]  Robert W. Pearcy,et al.  Measurement of transpiration and leaf conductance , 1989 .

[18]  J. Sperry,et al.  Do woody plants operate near the point of catastrophic xylem dysfunction caused by dynamic water stress? : answers from a model. , 1988, Plant physiology.

[19]  H. Bauer,et al.  Photosynthetic light acclimation in fully developed leaves of the juvenile and adult life phases of Hedera helix , 1988 .

[20]  I. Terashima,et al.  Effects of Light and Nitrogen Nutrition on the Organization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Spinach , 1988 .

[21]  H. Jones,et al.  Plants and Microclimate. , 1985 .

[22]  S. Salleo.  WATER RELATIONS PARAMETERS OF TWO SICILIAN SPECIES OF SENECIO (GROUNDSEL) MEASURED BY THE PRESSURE BOMB TECHNIQUE , 1983 .

[23]  Neil C. Turner,et al.  Turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment: a review and evaluation. , 1980 .

[24]  Neil C. Turner,et al.  Adaptation of plants to water and high temperature stress , 1980 .

[25]  T. Kozlowski,et al.  SHOOT GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROPHYLLOUS WOODY PLANTS , 1966 .

[26]  D. Arnon.  COPPER ENZYMES IN ISOLATED CHLOROPLASTS. POLYPHENOLOXIDASE IN BETA VULGARIS. , 1949, Plant physiology.