Growth Factor Delivery for Tissue Engineering

A tissue-engineered implant is a biologic-biomaterial combination in which some component of tissuehas been combined with a biomaterial to create a device for the restoration or modification of tissue ororgan function. Specific growth factors, released from a delivery device or from co-transplanted cells,would aid in the induction of host paraenchymal cell infiltration and improve engraftment of co-deliveredcells for more efficient tissue regeneration or ameliorate disease states. The characteristic properties ofgrowth factors are described to provide a biological basis for their use in tissue engineered devices. Theprinciples of polymeric device development for therapeutic growth factor delivery in the context of tissueengineering are outlined. A review of experimental evidence illustrates examples of growth factor deliveryfrom devices such as micropaticles, scaffolds, and encapsulated cells, for their use in the applicationareas of musculoskeletal tissue, neural tissue, and hepatic tissue.

[1]  R. Vejsada,et al.  Synergistic but transient rescue effects of BDNF and GDNF on axotomized neonatal motoneurons , 1998, Neuroscience.

[2]  P Aebischer,et al.  Basic fibroblast growth factor released from synthetic guidance channels facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration across long nerve gaps , 1989, Journal of neuroscience research.

[3]  I. Leigh,et al.  Growth factors : a practical approach , 1993 .

[4]  Periodontics: Controlled release , 2004, British Dental Journal.

[5]  P. Aebischer,et al.  The problems of delivering neuroactive molecules to the CNS. , 1996, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[6]  P. Lacy,et al.  Trophic factors from pancreatic islets in combined hepatocyte-islet allografts enhance hepatocellular survival. , 1989, Surgery.

[7]  Jeffrey A. Hubbell,et al.  Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering , 1995, Bio/Technology.

[8]  M. Tuszynski,et al.  Grafts of genetically modified Schwann cells to the spinal cord: survival, axon growth, and myelination. , 1998, Cell transplantation.

[9]  Shelley R. Winn,et al.  Implantation of encapsulated catecholamine and GDNF-producing cells in rats with unilateral dopamine depletions and parkinsonian symptoms , 1995, Experimental Neurology.

[10]  Myriam Schluep,et al.  Intrathecal delivery of CNTF using encapsulated genetically modifiedxenogeneic cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[11]  D. Chamberland,et al.  Radiomorphometry and biomechanical assessment of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and polymer in rabbit radius ostectomy model. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[12]  Myron Spector,et al.  The Effects of Collagen-Based Implants on Early Healing of the Adult Rat Spinal Cord , 1997 .

[13]  W C Hayes,et al.  Healing of large segmental defects in rat femurs is aided by RhBMP-2 in PLGA matrix. , 1994, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[14]  S. Radin,et al.  Si-Ca-P xerogels and bone morphogenetic protein act synergistically on rat stromal marrow cell differentiation in vitro. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[15]  R. Palmiter,et al.  Polymer-encapsulated cells genetically modified to secrete human nerve growth factor promote the survival of axotomized septal cholinergic neurons. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  P. Tresco.  Encapsulated cells for sustained neurotransmitter delivery to the central nervous system , 1994 .

[17]  S. Lee,et al.  Controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor from porous poly(L-lactide) membranes for guided tissue regeneration. , 1998, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[18]  J H Brekke,et al.  Principles of tissue engineering applied to programmable osteogenesis. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[19]  D. Kohn,et al.  Development and characterization of a biodegradable polyphosphate. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[20]  James M. Anderson.  Chapter II. 8 – Biocompatibility of Tissue Engineered Implants , 1998 .

[21]  J. Hollinger,et al.  Osseous regeneration in the rat calvarium using novel delivery systems for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). , 1994, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[22]  R Langer,et al.  Localized delivery of epidermal growth factor improves the survival of transplanted hepatocytes , 1996, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[23]  K E Healy,et al.  Engineering bone regeneration with bioabsorbable scaffolds with novel microarchitecture. , 1999, Tissue engineering.

[24]  Y. M. Elçin,et al.  Xenotransplantation of fetal porcine hepatocytes in rats using a tissue engineering approach. , 1999, Artificial organs.

[25]  J. Schmitt,et al.  Bone morphogenetic proteins: An update on basic biology and clinical relevance , 1999, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[26]  J O Hollinger,et al.  Tissue-engineered bone biomimetic to regenerate calvarial critical-sized defects in athymic rats. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[27]  M J Yaszemski,et al.  Effects of transforming growth factor beta1 released from biodegradable polymer microparticles on marrow stromal osteoblasts cultured on poly(propylene fumarate) substrates. , 2000, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[28]  Yoshihiro Mizutani,et al.  Sciatic nerve regeneration navigated by laminin-fibronectin double coated biodegradable collagen grafts in rats , 1994, Brain Research.

[29]  W. Saltzman,et al.  Stabilization of nerve growth factor in controlled release polymers and in tissue. , 1996, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[30]  A. Caplan.  Cartilage begets bone versus endochondral myelopoiesis. , 1990, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[31]  P Aebischer,et al.  Syngeneic Schwann cells derived from adult nerves seeded in semipermeable guidance channels enhance peripheral nerve regeneration , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[32]  P. Caliceti,et al.  Peripheral nerve repair using a poly(organo)phosphazene tubular prosthesis. , 1995, Biomaterials.

[33]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Heterotopic hepatocyte transplantation using three-dimensional polymers: evaluation of the stimulatory effects by portacaval shunt or islet cell cotransplantation. , 1994, Transplantation proceedings.

[34]  N Nakabayashi,et al.  The role of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in PLGA capsules at an extraskeletal site of the rat. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[35]  A. Rezania,et al.  The detachment strength and morphology of bone cells contacting materials modified with a peptide sequence found within bone sialoprotein. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[36]  Y. Ito,et al.  Artificial juxtacrine stimulation for tissue engineering. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[37]  P. Aebischer,et al.  A Combination of BDNF and NT-3 Promotes Supraspinal Axonal Regeneration into Schwann Cell Grafts in Adult Rat Thoracic Spinal Cord , 1995, Experimental Neurology.

[38]  E. Mufson,et al.  The aged monkey basal forebrain: rescue and sprouting of axotomized basal forebrain neurons after grafts of encapsulated cells secreting human nerve growth factor. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[39]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Biodegradable sponges for hepatocyte transplantation. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[40]  W. Mark Saltzman,et al.  Transport and elimination of recombinant human NGF during long-term delivery to the brain , 1996, Brain Research.

[41]  J H Brekke,et al.  A rationale for delivery of osteoinductive proteins. , 1996, Tissue engineering.

[42]  C. Patrick,et al.  Manufacture of porous biodegradable polymer conduits by an extrusion process for guided tissue regeneration. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[43]  C. Hamanishi,et al.  Healing of segmental bone defects in rats induced by a beta-TCP-MCPM cement combined with rhBMP-2. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[44]  A. Mikos,et al.  Controlled release of transforming growth factor β1 from biodegradable polymer microparticles , 2000 .

[45]  J. Ranchalis,et al.  Controlled release of TGF-β1 from a biodegradable matrix for bone regeneration , 1994 .

[46]  Y. Ikada,et al.  Biodegradation of hydrogel carrier incorporating fibroblast growth factor. , 1999, Tissue engineering.

[47]  K. Leong,et al.  Poly(L-lactic acid) foams with cell seeding and controlled-release capacity. , 1996, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[48]  T. Wichmann,et al.  Intranigral Transplantation of Fetal Substantia Nigra Allograft in the Hemiparkinsonian Rhesus Monkey , 1999, Cell transplantation.

[49]  W. Saltzman,et al.  Controlled release of nerve growth factor from a polymeric implant , 1990, Brain Research.

[50]  D. Emerich,et al.  Implantation of Polymer-Encapsulated Human Nerve Growth Factor-Secreting Fibroblasts Attenuates the Behavioral and Neuropathological Consequences of Quinolinic Acid Injections into Rodent Striatum , 1994, Experimental Neurology.

[51]  G. Ahrendt,et al.  Angiogenic Growth Factors: A Review for Tissue Engineering , 1998 .

[52]  J. Wozney,et al.  Potential of porous poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide particles as a carrier for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 during osteoinduction in vivo. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[53]  W. Saltzman,et al.  Nerve growth factor delivery systems. , 1998, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[54]  R Langer,et al.  Long-term engraftment of hepatocytes transplanted on biodegradable polymer sponges. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[55]  B. Seckel,et al.  Hyaluronic acid through a new injectable nerve guide delivery system enhances peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat , 1995, Journal of neuroscience research.

[56]  E. Wang,et al.  Bone morphogenetic protein-2 causes commitment and differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and 3T3 cells. , 1993, Growth factors.

[57]  H. Bentz,et al.  Improved local delivery of TGF-beta2 by binding to injectable fibrillar collagen via difunctional polyethylene glycol. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[58]  H. Ohgushi,et al.  BMP-induced osteogenesis on the surface of hydroxyapatite with geometrically feasible and nonfeasible structures: topology of osteogenesis. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[59]  K. Leong,et al.  Poly(α-hydroxy acids). Carriers for bone morphogenetic proteins , 1996 .

[60]  Y. Ikada,et al.  In vitro sorption and desorption of basic fibroblast growth factor from biodegradable hydrogels. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[61]  Anderson,et al.  Host response to tissue engineered devices. , 1998, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[62]  X. Cao,et al.  Delivering neuroactive molecules from biodegradable microspheres for application in central nervous system disorders. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[63]  I. Asahina,et al.  Human osteogenic protein-1 induces chondroblastic, osteoblastic, and/or adipocytic differentiation of clonal murine target cells. , 1996, Experimental cell research.

[64]  N. Fausto.  Growth factors in liver development, regeneration and carcinogenesis. , 1991, Progress in growth factor research.

[65]  R. Ross,et al.  Platelet-derived growth factor in vivo: levels, activity, and rate of clearance , 1984 .

[66]  M. Moses,et al.  Biocompatible controlled release polymers for delivery of polypeptides and growth factors , 1991, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[67]  Y. Ikada,et al.  Ectopic bone formation induced by biodegradable hydrogels incorporating bone morphogenetic protein. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[68]  C. Spenger,et al.  Implants of Polymer-Encapsulated Genetically Modified Cells Releasing Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Improve Survival, Growth, and Function of Fetal Dopaminergic Grafts , 1998, Experimental Neurology.

[69]  J. Vacanti,et al.  Enhanced survival of transgenic hepatocytes expressing hepatocyte growth factor in hepatocyte tissue engineering. , 1997, Transplantation proceedings.

[70]  W. Saltzman,et al.  Synthesis and biological activity of polyethylene glycol-mouse nerve growth factor conjugate. , 1999, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[71]  C. Doillon,et al.  Biological molecule-impregnated polyester: an in vivo angiogenesis study. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[72]  Antonios G. Mikos,et al.  Frontiers in tissue engineering , 1998 .

[73]  A. Tencer,et al.  Effect of controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor from a porous hydroxyapatite implant on bone ingrowth. , 1996, Biomaterials.

[74]  J. Wozney,et al.  Characterization of rhBMP-2 pharmacokinetics implanted with biomaterial carriers in the rat ectopic model. , 1999, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[75]  J N Beresford,et al.  Osteogenic stem cells and the stromal system of bone and marrow. , 1989, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[76]  M. Nimni.  Polypeptide growth factors: targeted delivery systems. , 1997, Biomaterials.

[77]  Y. Ikada,et al.  Bone regeneration by basic fibroblast growth factor complexed with biodegradable hydrogels. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[78]  K E Healy,et al.  Ectopic bone formation via rhBMP-2 delivery from porous bioabsorbable polymer scaffolds. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[79]  S. Radin,et al.  In vitro release kinetics of biologically active transforming growth factor-β1 from a novel porous glass carrier , 1997 .

[80]  P H Robinson,et al.  Light-microscopic and electron-microscopic evaluation of short-term nerve regeneration using a biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-epsilon-caprolacton) nerve guide. , 1996, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[81]  Philip R. Kuhl,et al.  Tethered epidermal growth factor as a paradigm for growth factor–induced stimulation from the solid phase , 1996, Nature Medicine.

[82]  Mark Saltzman W,et al.  Materials for protein delivery in tissue engineering. , 1998, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[83]  J. Schmitt,et al.  Assessment of an experimental bone wax polymer plus TGF-beta 1 implanted into calvarial defects. , 1998, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[84]  S. Carbonetto,et al.  Nerve fiber growth on defined hydrogel substrates. , 1982, Science.

[85]  R F Valentini,et al.  Human osteoblast response in vitro to platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta delivered from controlled-release polymer rods. , 1997, Biomaterials.

[86]  Y. Ikada,et al.  Comparison of bone regeneration in a rabbit skull defect by recombinant human BMP-2 incorporated in biodegradable hydrogel and in solution. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[87]  A. Linde,et al.  Importance of delivery systems for growth-stimulatory factors in combination with osteopromotive membranes. An experimental study using rhBMP-2 in rat mandibular defects. , 1997, Journal of biomedical materials research.