Double-layer transduction at a mercury-electrolyte interface with imposed temporal and spatial periodicity

Abstract Electrical-to-mechanical coupling at a polarized double layer is the result of a voltage dependent surface force density. Mechanical-to-electrical coupling is created by currents induced by the convection of the double-layer charge. A study is made of coupling at an extensive unrenewed planar interface. Excitations are independently constrained in spatial and temporal frequency. For perturbations, the model includes surface effects of double-layer charging, convection and elasticity, and volume effects of conduction, viscosity and inertia. Experiments are reported that demonstrate the mechanical frequency response to an external driving current.