Fishing activity of tuna purse seiners estimated from VMS dada and validated by observers' data

1 SUMMARY In the lack of direct estimate of tuna abundance, the French tropical tuna fleet of purse-seiners provides a way to monitor the tuna stocks particularly through the calculation of Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE). The objective of this study was to analyze the individual track of purse seiners with the aim to identify which part of the searching behaviour should be used to perform the fishing effort. In this context, Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) data are useful to analyse the different fishing activities of a purse seiner at a small scale (i.e.. stop, track and cruise), generally embedded into the concept of fishing effort. A state-space model (run in a Bayesian framework) was applied to speeds and turning angles from Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) data, to identify the different "states" of the fishing behaviour of a purse seiner over a fishing trip. Then a threshold was fitted to distinguish the activities "fishing" and "stop" without fishing (from the "still" state), "tracking" (from "meander"), and "cruising" (from "straight"). On a subset of VMS data corresponding to observers' data, some differences of fishing efforts between fishing on free-swimming schools and schools associated with FAD (Fish Aggregating Devices) are highlighted. RESUME Etant donnees les difficultes d'estimation directe de l'abondance de thon, la flottille francaise de thoniers senneurs tropicaux offre la possibilite de surveiller les stocks de thon, particulierement grâce au calcul de Capture par unite d'effort (CPUE). L'objectif de cette etude etait d'analyser la trajectoire individuelle des thoniers senneurs, dans le but d'identifier quelle parties du comportement de recherche doivent etre utilisees dans le calcul de l'effort de peche. Dans ce contexte, les donnees de Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) sont utiles pour analyser les differentes activites de peche d'un thonier senneur a fine echelle (c'est-a-dire arret, recherche active, route-recherche), generalement inclus dans le concept d'effort de peche. Un modele a espace d'etat (avec une approche bayesienne) a ete applique aux vitesses et angles de changement de direction issus des donnees de Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) pour identifier les differents etats du comportement de peche d'un thonier senneur pendant une maree. Ensuite un seuil a ete ajuste pour distinguer les activites de « peche » et d' « arret » sans peche (a partir de l'etat « immobile »), « recherche active » (a partir de « sinueux »), et « route-recherche » (a partir de « tout droit »). Sur un sous-jeu de donnees VMS correspondant aux donnees Observateurs, certaines differences d'effort de peche entre bancs peches sur Bancs Libres et ceux peches sur bancs associes aux DCP (Dispositifs de Concentration de Poisson) sont mises en evidence. RESUMEN

[1]  David B. Dunson,et al.  Bayesian Data Analysis , 2010 .

[2]  R. Myers,et al.  Is catch-per-unit-effort proportional to abundance? , 2001 .

[3]  C. Walters,et al.  Quantitative fisheries stock assessment: Choice, dynamics and uncertainty , 2004, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries.

[4]  A stochastic model for purse seining in a two-species fishery. , 1969, Journal of theoretical biology.

[5]  R. Allen,et al.  Catch rates as indices of abundance of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the Eastern Pacific Ocean , 1984 .

[6]  Ian D. Jonsen,et al.  ROBUST STATE-SPACE MODELING OF ANIMAL MOVEMENT DATA , 2005 .

[7]  Katherine Campbell,et al.  Introduction to disjunctive kriging and non-linear geostatistics , 1994 .

[8]  Juan M. Morales,et al.  EXTRACTING MORE OUT OF RELOCATION DATA: BUILDING MOVEMENT MODELS AS MIXTURES OF RANDOM WALKS , 2004 .

[9]  Daniel Gaertner,et al.  Influence of fishers’ behaviour on the catchability of surface tuna schools in the Venezuelan purse-seiner fishery in the Caribbean Sea , 1999 .

[10]  O. Ovaskainen,et al.  State-space models of individual animal movement. , 2008, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[11]  Brendan J. Godley,et al.  A Step Towards Seascape Scale Conservation: Using Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) to Map Fishing Activity , 2007, PloS one.

[12]  C. Walters Folly and fantasy in the analysis of spatial catch rate data , 2003 .

[13]  J. Hallier,et al.  Review of tuna fisheries on floating objects in the Indian Ocean , 1992 .

[14]  Sophie Bertrand,et al.  Lévy trajectories of Peruvian purse-seiners as an indicator of the spatial distribution of anchovy ( Engraulis ringens ) , 2005 .

[15]  Simon Jennings,et al.  Estimating high resolution trawl fishing effort from satellite-based vessel monitoring system data , 2007 .

[16]  J. Pella,et al.  Measures of tuna abundance from purse-seine operations in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, adjusted for fleet-wide evolution of increased fishing power, 1960-1971 , 1975 .

[17]  Philippe Gaspar,et al.  A state-space model to derive bluefin tuna movement and habitat from archival tags , 2005 .

[18]  S. T. Bucklanda,et al.  State-space models for the dynamics of wild animal populations , 2003 .

[19]  Tom Polacheck,et al.  Tuna longline catch rates in the Indian Ocean: Did industrial fishing result in a 90% rapid decline in the abundance of large predatory species? , 2006 .