Water-resistant plywood adhesives prepared from phenolated larch bark in the presence of various combination catalysts

The properties of larch barks phenolated with various combinations of acidic catalysts and the properties of adhesives synthesized with these phenolated barks have been investigated. The results have indicated that the catalyst species used has great effects on bark phenolation and many properties of the resultant bark adhesives (BA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses have indicated that the amount of phenol bound to the bark and recondensation of phenolated components decreased with decreasing acidity of the combination catalysts used, resulting in decreases in the extent of phenolation, bound phenol content, and molecular weight but an increase in the number of active sites on the phenolated bark. Larch bark phenolated with combined catalysts can be used to prepare water-resistant wood adhesives with low formaldehyde emission. By judiciously decreasing the acidity of the catalyst used for bark phenolation, the properties of BA, such as storage life, bond strength, and formaldehyde emission, could be effectively improved. BA-C showed the acceptable wet bond strength and a sufficiently low formaldehyde emission, making it a good potential candidate for commercial applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

[1]  J. Yip,et al.  Comparative study of liquefaction process and liquefied products from bamboo using different organic solvents. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[2]  Zhenhua Gao,et al.  Phenolated larch‐bark formaldehyde adhesive with various amounts of sodium hydroxide , 2009 .

[3]  Yi-Chun Chen,et al.  Novolak PF resins prepared from phenol liquefied Cryptomeria japonica and used in manufacturing moldings. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[4]  Zhenhua Gao,et al.  Phenolated larch‐bark formaldehyde adhesive with multiple additions of sodium hydroxide , 2007 .

[5]  S. Ashraf,et al.  Eucalyptus bark lignin substituted phenol formaldehyde adhesives: A study on optimization of reaction parameters and characterization , 2004 .

[6]  J. Van Acker,et al.  Quantitative measurement of the penetration of water-borne coatings in wood with confocal lasermicroscopy and image analysis , 2003, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[7]  Wen‐Jau Lee,et al.  Preparation of liquefied bark‐based resol resin and its application to particle board , 2003 .

[8]  Seung‐Hwan Lee,et al.  Acid‐catalyzed liquefaction of waste paper in the presence of phenol and its application to Novolak‐type phenolic resin , 2002 .

[9]  Seung‐Hwan Lee,et al.  Preparation and properties of phenolated Corn bran (CB)/ phenol/formaldehyde cocondensed resin , 2000 .

[10]  B. Adhikari,et al.  Lignin-modified phenolic resin: synthesis optimization, adhesive strength, and thermal stability , 2000 .

[11]  S. Kelley,et al.  CONVERSION OF BARKS OF SEVERAL TREE SPECIES INTO BAKELITE-LIKE THERMOSETTING MATERIALS BY THEIR PHENOLYSIS , 2000 .

[12]  H. Kofujita,et al.  Characterization of the major components in bark from five Japanese tree species for chemical utilization , 1999, Wood Science and Technology.

[13]  C. Vick,et al.  Strength and durability of one-part polyurethane adhesive bonds to wood , 1998 .

[14]  S. Ohara,et al.  Characterization of the products resulting from direct liquefaction of cellulose I. Identification of intermediates and the relevant mechanism in direct phenol liquefaction of cellulose in the presence of water , 1996 .

[15]  M. Santana,et al.  Phenol-formaldehyde plywood adhesive resins prepared with liquefied bark of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) , 1996 .

[16]  M. Alma,et al.  The Preparation and Flow Properties of HC1 Catalyzed Phenolated Wood and its Blends with Commercial Novolak Resin , 1996 .

[17]  M. Santana,et al.  Resol Resins Prepared with Tannin Liquified in Phenol , 1995 .

[18]  D. E. Brady,et al.  Effects of hot-pressing parameters on resin penetration , 1988 .