Review Carbon fibers for composites

An attempt has been made to review and analyze the developments made during last few decades in the field of high performance carbon fibers. The focus is primarily on high technology sector, which includes aerospace and nuclear engineering or other areas, where the large scale use of carbon fibers is driven by maximum performance and not by cost factors. We have identified and suggested some specific areas for future research in order to minimize the gap between theoretical and practically realized tensile strengths and other mechanical properties of carbon fibers.

[1]  D. Edie,et al.  The recoil compressive strength of pitch-based carbon fibres , 1993 .

[2]  B. V. Deryaguin,et al.  Phase transformations in highly disperse powders during their rapid heating and cooling , 1985 .

[3]  S. Marinkovic,et al.  Processes in sulfur dioxide treatment of PAN fibers , 1978 .

[4]  N. Murdie,et al.  Influence of graphitization environment of pan based carbon fibers on microstructure , 1989 .

[5]  R. A. Coyle,et al.  Orientation of 3-D Graphite in Carbon Fibres , 1970, Nature.

[6]  K. Kamide,et al.  Effect of addition of organoaluminum and organoboron compounds in the stereospecific polymerization of acrylonitrile using dialkylmagnesium as catalyst , 1994 .

[7]  Gwomei Wu.  Effects of Carbon Fiber Treatment on Interfacial Properties of Advanced Thermoplastic Composites , 1997 .

[8]  H. Ono,et al.  NMR Spectroscopic Study of Side Reactions in Anionic Polymerization of Acrylonitrile , 1993 .

[9]  George L. Drake,et al.  Some Chemical and Physical Factors Influencing Flame Retardancy , 1970 .

[10]  K. Kamide,et al.  Synthesis of highly isotactic (mm > 0.70) polyacrylonitrile by anionic polymerization using diethylberyllium as a main initiator , 1994 .

[11]  Hao Jiang,et al.  Compressive properties of single-filament carbon fibres , 1993, Journal of Materials Science.

[12]  G. Cooper,et al.  Carbon Fibres of High Young's Modulus , 1969, Nature.

[13]  T. DebRoy,et al.  Diamond formation in air by the Fedoseev-Derjaguin laser process , 1989 .

[14]  Harry Marsh,et al.  Introduction to Carbon Science , 1989 .

[15]  F. Saito,et al.  A novel method for measuring direct compressive properties of carbon fibres using a micro-mechanical compression tester , 1993, Journal of Materials Science.

[16]  L. Drzal,et al.  Using XPS to Investigate Fiber/Matrix Chemical Interactions in Carbon‐fiber‐reinforced Composites , 1997 .

[17]  M. Dresselhaus,et al.  Graphite fibers and filaments , 1988 .

[18]  O. P. Bahl,et al.  Shrinkage behaviour of polyacrylonitrile during thermal treatment , 1975 .

[19]  James E. Shelby,et al.  Handbook of Gas Diffusion in Solids and Melts , 1996 .

[20]  Jean-Michel Savéant,et al.  Modification of carbon fiber surfaces by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts: Application to carbon epoxy composites , 1997 .

[21]  F. Yoshii,et al.  Dissolution behavior of highly isotactic polyacrylonitrile in N,N-dimethylformamide at an elevated temperature , 1989 .

[22]  B. F. Jones,et al.  Strengthening of Carbon Fibres by Fast Neutron Irradiation , 1972, Nature.

[23]  M. Kawade,et al.  Axial compressive strength of carbon fiber , 1990 .

[24]  O. P. Bahl,et al.  Effect of preoxidation conditions on mechanical properties of carbon fibres , 1975 .

[25]  K. Kamide,et al.  Highly isotactic polyacrylonitriles prepared using dialkylmagnesium/water systems as initiators , 1994 .

[26]  T. Uryu,et al.  The stereoregularity of polyacrylonitrile and its dependence on polymerization temperature , 1968 .

[27]  M. Coleman,et al.  Fourier transform ir studies of the degradation of polyacrylonitrile copolymers—II: Acrylonitrile/methacrylic acid copolymers , 1981 .

[28]  M. Miwa,et al.  Effects of surface and sizing treatments on axial compressive strength of carbon fibres , 1996, Journal of Materials Science.

[29]  R. H. Knibbs.  The use of polarized light microscopy in examining the structure of carbon fibres * , 1971 .

[30]  David P. Anderson,et al.  Carbon fibre compressive strength and its dependence on structure and morphology , 1993 .

[31]  H. Jacobasch,et al.  Comparison of surface-chemical methods for characterizing carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites , 1995 .

[32]  K. Kamide,et al.  Quantum Chemical Conformational Analysis on Isotactic Polyacrylonitrile Using Molecular Model Compounds , 1996 .

[33]  M. Inagaki,et al.  Carbonization behavior of polyimide films with various chemical structures , 1992 .

[34]  P. Goodhew,et al.  A review of the fabrication and properties of carbon fibres , 1975 .

[35]  Shaun S Kumar,et al.  Temperature dependent torsional properties of high performance fibres and their relevance to compressive strength , 1994, Journal of Materials Science.

[36]  A. Macias,et al.  Stress‐Strain and stress relaxation in oxidated short carbon fiber‐thermoplastic elastomer composites , 1996 .

[37]  R. A. Coyle,et al.  Microstructural inhomogeneity in carbon fibres , 1976 .

[38]  M. Kakihana,et al.  Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings , 2000 .

[39]  B. D. Agarwal,et al.  Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites , 1980 .

[40]  B. Derjaguin,et al.  Transition of graphite into diamond in a solid phase under the atmospheric pressure , 1983 .

[41]  G. Bhat,et al.  Thermal properties of a polyimide fiber , 1997 .

[42]  H. Ono,et al.  Stereospecificity in the Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Using Anionic Initiators Including Dialkylmagnesium , 1992 .

[43]  E. Fitzer.  Pan-based carbon fibers—present state and trend of the technology from the viewpoint of possibilities and limits to influence and to control the fiber properties by the process parameters , 1989 .

[44]  S. Damodaran,et al.  Chemical and Physical Aspects of the Formation of Carbon Fibres from PAN-based Precursors , 1990 .

[45]  G. C. Jain,et al.  Length changes in PAN fibres during their pyrolysis to carbon fibres , 1978 .

[46]  W. Williams,et al.  Bending Behavior and Tensile Strength of Carbon Fibers , 1970 .

[47]  A. Watanabe,et al.  Relation between axial compressive strength of reinforcing fibres and fibre diameter , 1996 .