Predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders: a priority for aquatic resource management

The identification and risk assessment of potential biological invaders would provide valuable criteria for the allocation of resources toward the detection and control of invasion threats. Yet, freshwater biologists have made few attempts at predicting potential invaders, apparently because such efforts are perceived to be costly and futile. We describe some simple, low-cost empirical approaches that would facilitate prediction and demonstrate their use in identifying high-risk species from an important donor region: the Ponto-Caspian (Black, Caspian, and Azov seas) basin. This region is the source of several freshwater organisms already invading North America, including the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Based on a thorough literature review, we identify 17 additional Ponto-Caspian animals that have recent invasion histories and are likely to be transported overseas in ship ballast water; moreover, their broad salinity tolerance could allow them to survive an incomplete ballast-water exchange. These results suggest that, unless current vectors are more effectively controlled, the Great Lakes n St. Lawrence River system and other North American inland waterways will continue to receive and be impacted by invasive Eurasian species. Resume : Liidentification des espces susceptibles de devenir envahissantes et liOvaluation des risques quielles peuvent poser permettraient de dOfinir des critres utiles pour liaffectation de ressources ‡ la dOtection et ‡ liOlimination des espces nuisibles. Jusquiici, pourtant, les biologistes des eaux douces niont gure consacrO de temps ‡ cette question, de telles Otudes paraissant Œtre considOrOes comme costeuses et inutiles. Nous dOcrivons ici des mOthodes de prOvision empiriques, simples et peu costeuses et nous montrons comment les utiliser pour identifier les espces ‡ fort potentiel de nuisibilitO diune rOgion qui peut Œtre une importante source de ce genre diorganismes : le bassin pontocaspien (comprenant la mer Noire, la mer Caspienne et la mer diAzov). Ciest en effet de cette rOgion que proviennent plusieurs des espces qui ont dOj‡ envahi les eaux douces nord-amOricaines et notamment la moule zObrOe (Dreissena polymorpha), la moule quagga (Dreissena bugensis), la grOmille (Gymnocephalus cernuus) et le gobie arrondi (Neogobius melanostomus). Dans une revue documentaire approfondie, nous avons relevO 17 autres espces animales diorigine pontocaspienne qui ont rOcemment envahi diautres rOgions et qui pourraient vraisemblablement Œtre transportOes jusquiici dans lieau de ballast des bateaux arrivant dioutremer; de plus, comme ces espces tolrent des conditions de salinitO trs variOes, elles pourraient survivre dans une eau de ballast incompltement changOe. Ces rOsultats donnent ‡ penser qui‡ dOfaut diun contrUle plus rigoureux des vecteurs actuels, de nouvelles espces envahissantes continueront diŒtre introduites diEurasie et de provoquer des dOg‚ts dans le bassin des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent, ainsi que dans diautres bassins hydrographiques de liintOrieur des terres en AmOrique du Nord. (Traduit par la ROdaction)

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