Nonlinear Wave SHM Method Using an Active Nonlinear Piezoceramic Sensor for Damage Detection in Composites

A novel SHM methodology, based on non linear wave modulation spectroscopy, is presented for the detection of matrix cracks in composites. The basic element is a novel active non linear acousto-ultrasonic piezoelectric sensor enabling low cost and wide frequency operational bandwidth. The active sensor configuration involves two piezoceramic wafer actuators, each one excited with a low and high frequency signal respectively, and a piezoceramic sensor, all permanently bonded on the tested structure. Experiments are conducted on cross-ply Carbon/Epoxy strips containing matrix cracks induced in 3-point bending. All tested specimens are categorized according to the AE hits recorded during the loading procedure. Measured results illustrate the effectiveness of the non linear ultrasonics methodology to detect matrix cracking, as well as, the potential and benefits of the new active sensor. The sensitivity of the non-linear active sensor response at specific high carrier frequency values is illustrated, and damage indexes are proposed.

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