Keystone Characteristics of Bird-Dispersed Ficus in a Malaysian Lowland Rain Forest

The fruiting of 307 Ficus trees in 74 ha of lowland forest at Kuala Lompat, Malaysia, was monitored monthly for 3 years. The guild of twenty-nine species of bird-dispersed Ficus exhibited asynchronous fruiting phenology, with no recurrent annual pattern. Fig crops were available in all 36 months of the study, but whilst medium-sized and small-sized figs were always available, crops of large-fruited (mean fig diameter of>20 mm) bird-dispersed Ficus were scarce, with only around sixteen fruiting events year −1 km −2 of forest (...)