The Performance And Controllability Of Yachts Sailing Downwind In Waves
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This paper describes the development of a time-domain numerical simulation for predicting the performance of yachts travelling downwind in waves. The simulation incorporates varying yacht heading angles (astern through to beam seas) and diverse environmental conditions including irregular seas. The simulation combines modules for calculating the wave induced longitudinal force, the resistance force and the sail aerodynamic force for a defined yacht hull form and sail plan. The resistance and wave force modules have been validated through semi-captive model experiments; whilst results from the complete simulation have been compared with those obtained from free running model experiments. The results from the simulation may be used to augment VPP output to enable the effect of different yacht parameters and environmental conditions on downwind performance to be determined. In addition the controllability of yachts sailing downwind in waves has undergone preliminary investigation and a method is proposed for determining the wave-induced yawing moment as a function of the yacht's position in the wave. Results from this method have been favourably compared with towing tank experiments and conclusions drawn on the influence of wave-induced yawing moment on the controllability of yachts sailing in stern seas.