Comparing eye gaze tracking to reported perceptions of manipulated and unmanipulated digital images

To investigate human perceptions of image manipulation at both the conscious and non-conscious levels, we compared participants’ verbal reporting of image manipulation to data recordings of their eye movements while viewing 36 images of varying manipulation levels. To further understand subjects’ ability to use image comparison tools to aid in manipulation detection, variants of a trial ‘image packaging’ software provided two levels of image comparison support tools.