Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System

PERSPECTIVES Overview of the Vestibular System: Anatomy PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR TRANSMISSION Vestibular Hair Cell-Afferent Transmission Synaptic Transmission by Vestibular Nerve Afferent Fibers Efferent Vestibular System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Neurochemistry NEUROCHEMISTRY OF THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEAR COMPLEX Excitatory Amino Acids and Nitric Oxide in the Vestibular Nuclei Glutamatergic Transmission in the Medial Vestibular Nucleus Inhibitory Amino Acid Transmitters in the Vestibular Nuclei Modulatory Effects of Monoamines on Central Vestibular Neurons: Possible Functional Implications Neuropeptides Associated with the Vestibular Nuclei NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING VESTIBULAR CONTROL OF MOVEMENT and POSTURE Neuropharmacological Aspects of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Control of Vestibulo-Spinal and Vestibulor-Ocular Reflexes by Noradrenergic and ACh Systems Cholinergic Pathways and Functions Related to the Vestibulo-Cerebellum Physiology and Ultrastructure of Unipolar Brush Cells in the Vestibulocerebellum NEUROCHEMICAL ORGANIZATION OF SENSORY INPUTS TO THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM Neuronal Circuitry and Neurotransmitters in the Pretectal and Accessory Optic Systems Somatosensory Influences on the Vestibular System Chemical Comparisons between Central Vestibular and Auditory Systems NEUROCHEMICAL BASIS OF PLASTICITY AND ADAPTATION Immediate Early Gene Expression in the Vestibular System The Contributions of Excitatory and Inhibitory Amino Acid Neurotransmitters to Vestibular Plasticity SUMMARY General Concepts and Principles