Implementation of GVRP in Reducing Environmental Impacts and GHG Emission

The backbone of today's automotive and logistics industries relies on internal combustion engine vehicles. These cars use fossil fuels to generate energy and emit greenhouse gases. These toxic emissions are harmful to the environment and raise concerns about people's safety. The large-scale use of fossil fuels leads to rapid resource depletion and an increase in greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gas emissions coming from the transport segment are today a key contributor to global warming. It is reported that the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions will double by 2050. Therefore, its crucial to reduce CO2 emissions through better transportation strategies. Driving vehicles efficiently can reduce these pollutants in many countries across the globe. Further the traditional goal of vehicle routing problem for reducing the distance between the customers has been replaced by a goal focused on energy dissipation. In this research, a multiple Ant Colony Optimisation model based on traditional Ant Colony Optimisation was proposed that employs a new method to update the pheromones, which, produced superior solutions. The results show improved effectiveness and performance. The multiple Ant Colony Optimisation approach employed in this work showed high adaptability and efficiency in solving the Green-VRP. Additionally, the results produced by multiple ant colony optimisation had better solution quality than traditional ant colony optimisation.