Autonomic modulation, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and fatigue in young men after COVID-19.

Impaired autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have been reported during and after COVID-19. Both impairments are associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. If these impairments were to exist undetected in young men after COVID-19, they could lead to negative cardiovascular outcomes. Fatigue is associated with autonomic dysfunction during and after COVID-19. It is unclear if fatigue can be used as an indicator of impaired autonomic modulation and BRS after COVID-19. This study aims to compare parasympathetic modulation, sympathetic modulation, and BRS between young men who had COVID-19 versus controls and to determine if fatigue is associated with impaired autonomic modulation and BRS. Parasympathetic modulation as the high-frequency power of R-R intervals (lnHFR-R), sympathetic modulation as the low-frequency power of systolic blood pressure variability (LFSBP), and BRS as the -index were measured by power spectral density analysis. These variables were compared between 20 young men who had COVID-19 and 24 controls. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests indicated no significant difference between the COVID-19 and the control group in: lnHFR-R, P=0.20; LFSBP, P=0.11, and -index, P=0.20. Fatigue was not associated with impaired autonomic modulation or BRS. There is no difference in autonomic modulations or BRS between young men who had COVID-19 compared to controls. Fatigue did not seem to be associated with impaired autonomic modulation or impaired BRS in young men after COVID-19. Findings suggest that young men might not be at increased cardiovascular risk from COVID-19-related dysautonomia and impaired BRS.

[1]  T. Grimmichova,et al.  Antiviral activity of amiodarone in SARS-CoV-2 disease. , 2022, Physiological Research.

[2]  P. Fadel,et al.  Impact of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic function in healthy young adults: potential role of symptomatology and time since diagnosis , 2022, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[3]  Stephen M. Ratchford,et al.  Longitudinal observations of sympathetic neural activity and hemodynamics during 6 months recovery from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection , 2022, Physiological reports.

[4]  R. Gil,et al.  Heart rate variability comparison between young males after 4–6 weeks from the end of SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls , 2022, Scientific Reports.

[5]  P. Fadel,et al.  Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability Following COVID‐19 in Young Adults , 2022, The FASEB Journal.

[6]  P. Castellino,et al.  Vascular Dysfunction of COVID-19 Is Partially Reverted in the Long-Term , 2022, Circulation research.

[7]  Erdal Aktürk,et al.  Altered cardiac autonomic function after recovery from COVID‐19 , 2021, Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc.

[8]  P. Manganotti,et al.  Autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID patients with and witfhout neurological symptoms: a prospective multidomain observational study , 2021, Journal of Neurology.

[9]  Stephen M. Ratchford,et al.  COVID‐19 is getting on our nerves: sympathetic neural activity and haemodynamics in young adults recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 , 2021, The Journal of physiology.

[10]  V. Djajić,et al.  Assessment of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in the Early Phase of Infection With SARS-CoV-2 Virus , 2021, Frontiers in Neuroscience.

[11]  Ali I. Al-Gareeb,et al.  Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm , 2021, ASN neuro.

[12]  R. Sutton,et al.  Autonomic dysfunction in 'long COVID': rationale, physiology and management strategies. , 2020, Clinical medicine.

[13]  P. Schönknecht,et al.  Autonomic balance determines the severity of COVID-19 courses , 2020, Bioelectronic medicine.

[14]  M. Spruit,et al.  Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? , 2020, ERJ Open Research.

[15]  R. Becker.  COVID-19-associated vasculitis and vasculopathy , 2020, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis.

[16]  D. Goldstein,et al.  The extended autonomic system, dyshomeostasis, and COVID-19 , 2020, Clinical Autonomic Research.

[17]  Shaoying Huang,et al.  The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 , 2020, Journal of medical virology.

[18]  Y. Qadri,et al.  Implications for Neuromodulation Therapy to Control Inflammation and Related Organ Dysfunction in COVID-19 , 2020, Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research.

[19]  S. Athey,et al.  Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists. , 2020, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[20]  S. Khalsa,et al.  Clinical neurocardiology defining the value of neuroscience‐based cardiovascular therapeutics , 2016, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  D. O'Leary,et al.  Translational neurocardiology: preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects , 2016, The Journal of physiology.

[22]  Y. Aizawa,et al.  Cardiac innervation and sudden cardiac death. , 2015, Circulation research.

[23]  J. McMurray,et al.  Fatigue as a predictor of outcome in patients with heart failure: analysis of CORONA (Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure). , 2014, JACC. Heart failure.

[24]  A. Anderson,et al.  The sympathetic nervous system and heart failure. , 2014, Cardiology clinics.

[25]  R. Axtell,et al.  Impaired autonomic function in normotensive obese children , 2011, Clinical Autonomic Research.

[26]  J. Bigger,et al.  Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction , 1998, The Lancet.

[27]  D. Eckberg.  Sympathovagal balance: a critical appraisal. , 1997, Circulation.

[28]  A Malliani,et al.  Effects of aging and of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on RR interval variability. , 1996, Journal of the autonomic nervous system.

[29]  G. Breithardt,et al.  Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. , 1996 .

[30]  T. Findley,et al.  Influence of respiration on metabolic, hemodynamic, psychometric, and R-R interval power spectral parameters. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[31]  H. Robbe,et al.  Assessment of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity by means of spectral analysis. , 1987, Hypertension.

[32]  M. Turiel,et al.  Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Variabilities as a Marker of Sympatho‐Vagal Interaction in Man and Conscious Dog , 1986, Circulation research.

[33]  R. Cohen,et al.  Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. , 1981, Science.

[34]  J. Wyss.  The role of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. , 1993, Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension.