Trust in the health-care provider-patient relationship: a systematic mapping review of the evidence base.

PURPOSE Trust is important for patients and may be used as an indicator and potential 'marker' for how patients evaluate the quality of health care. The review aimed to classify the current evidence base on trust in the patient-provider relationship in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and to point towards areas for future research. DATA SOURCES Nine electronic databases were searched from 2004 onwards using text and subject heading keywords relating to 'trust' and 'health care' and 'relationships'. STUDY SELECTION Abstracts were identified for empirical studies carried out in health-care settings that explicitly examined trust or reported trust-related findings as a secondary outcome. Data extraction Two review authors assessed the relevance of abstracts and extracted data relating to year published, country of study, clinical speciality, STUDY DESIGN and participants. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Five hundred and ninety-six abstracts were included. Most reported on patients' trust in providers; were carried out in the USA; collected data in family care or oncology/palliative care settings; used questionnaires and interviews and elicited patients' perspectives. Only one study explicitly set out to examine providers' trust in patients and <5% of included studies reported on providers' trust in patients. CONCLUSION Providers' trust in patients remains a neglected area on the trust research agenda. Empirical studies examining the factors that influence providers' trust in patients and how this might affect the quality of care and patient health-related behaviours are urgently needed to readdress this imbalance. Further exploration of this area using observational methods is recommended.

[1]  L. O’Malley,et al.  Understanding the narratives of people who live with medically unexplained illness. , 2005, Patient education and counseling.

[2]  Maria J Grant,et al.  A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. , 2009, Health information and libraries journal.

[3]  M. Stewart,et al.  Advocacy of Women Family Caregivers: Response to Nonsupportive Interactions With Professionals , 2008, Qualitative health research.

[4]  Anthea Sutton,et al.  Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review , 2012 .

[5]  Angela Coulter,et al.  Paternalism or partnership? , 1999, BMJ.

[6]  A. Multiphase.  Negotiating the Legitimacy of Medical Problems , 2009 .

[7]  F. Camacho,et al.  Measuring Patients’ Trust in their Primary Care Providers , 2002, Medical care research and review : MCRR.

[8]  A. Scott.  Trusting on the Edge: Managing Uncertainty and Vulnerability in the Midst of Serious Mental Health Problems , 2012 .

[9]  W. Cunningham.  The immediate and long-term impact on New Zealand doctors who receive patient complaints. , 2004, The New Zealand medical journal.

[10]  M. Calnan,et al.  Trust Matters in Health Care , 2008 .

[11]  N. Hallowell.  Encounters with medical professionals: a crisis of trust or matter of respect? , 2008, Medicine, health care, and philosophy.

[12]  C. Seale,et al.  Sharing decisions in consultations involving anti-psychotic medication: a qualitative study of psychiatrists' experiences. , 2006, Social science & medicine.

[13]  A. Hardon,et al.  Health workers' views on quality of prevention of mother-to-child transmission and postnatal care for HIV-infected women and their children , 2009, Human resources for health.

[14]  Neil R. Powe,et al.  Race and trust in the health care system. , 2003 .

[15]  Joan C. Bartlett,et al.  Formulating Answerable Questions: Question Negotiation in Evidence-based Practice , 2014 .

[16]  Robert F. Dedrick,et al.  Development of the Trust in Physician Scale: A Measure to Assess Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationships , 1990, Psychological reports.

[17]  K. Torjuul,et al.  Nursing is different than medicine: ethical difficulties in the process of care in surgical units. , 2006, Journal of advanced nursing.

[18]  W. Vandereycken,et al.  Dropping Out From a Specialized Inpatient Treatment for Eating Disorders: The Perception of Patients and Staff , 2010, Eating disorders.

[19]  J. Nicholl,et al.  Why are patients removed from their doctors' lists? A comparison of patients' and doctors' accounts of removal. , 2004, Family practice.

[20]  B. Ternestedt,et al.  Being in the Patient Position: Experiences of Health Care Among People With Irritable Bowel Syndrome , 2010, Qualitative health research.

[21]  N. Powe,et al.  Race and Trust in the Health Care System , 2003, Public health reports.

[22]  Ramune Petuchovaite,et al.  Evidence-based Practice for Information Professionals: A Handbook , 2005, J. Documentation.

[23]  Sabrina T. Wong,et al.  Physician Trust in the Patient: Development and Validation of a New Measure , 2011, The Annals of Family Medicine.

[24]  J. Midtgaard,et al.  Modesty and recognition—a qualitative study of the lived experience of recovery from anal cancer , 2009, Supportive Care in Cancer.

[25]  J. Gillis.  Taking a Medical History in Childhood Illness: Representations of Parents in Pediatric Texts since 1850 , 2005, Bulletin of the history of medicine.

[26]  M. Calnan,et al.  The quality of interaction between managers and clinicians: a question of trust , 2011 .

[27]  E. Jacob,et al.  Pain management in sickle cell disease. , 2001, Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses.

[28]  J. Curran.  The Doctor, his Patient and the Illness , 2007, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[29]  S. Grover.  Trust and distrust in organizations: dilemmas and approaches , 2005 .

[30]  Mph Neda Ratanawongsa MD,et al.  Providers’ Perceptions of Relationships and Professional Roles when Caring for Patients who Leave the Hospital Against Medical Advice , 2008, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[31]  Å. Slettebø,et al.  Dignity in the life of people with head injuries. , 2009, Journal of advanced nursing.

[32]  M. Petticrew,et al.  Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide , 2005 .

[33]  Kai Petersen,et al.  Systematic Mapping Studies in Software Engineering , 2008, EASE.

[34]  R. Hunt,et al.  Doctor–patient interaction for irritable bowel syndrome in primary care: a systematic perspective , 2004, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[35]  Rosario Valdez-Santiago,et al.  CUÁNDO UTILIZAN SERVICIOS DE SALUD LAS MUJERES QUE VIVEN EN CONDICIONES DE VIOLENCIA DE PAREJA , 2006 .

[36]  A. Baldacchino,et al.  Guilty until proven innocent: a qualitative study of the management of chronic non-cancer pain among patients with a history of substance abuse. , 2010, Addictive behaviors.

[37]  J Savage,et al.  Ethnography and health care , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[38]  Arif E. Jinha.  Article 50 million: an estimate of the number of scholarly articles in existence , 2010, Learn. Publ..

[39]  C. Fox,et al.  Telephonic nurse case management for patients with diabetes and mental illnesses: a qualitative perspective , 2009, Chronic illness.

[40]  L. Ramjan.  Nurses and the 'therapeutic relationship': Caring for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. , 2004, Journal of advanced nursing.

[41]  V. Entwistle,et al.  Trust in the context of patient safety problems. , 2006, Journal of health organization and management.

[42]  D. Moher,et al.  Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement , 2009, BMJ.

[43]  I. Randers,et al.  Dignity not fully upheld when seeking health care: Experiences expressed by individuals suffering from Ehlers–Danlos syndrome , 2010, Disability and rehabilitation.

[44]  K. Malterud,et al.  'I am not the kind of woman who complains of everything': illness stories on self and shame in women with chronic pain. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[45]  A M Zaslavsky,et al.  The relationship between method of physician payment and patient trust. , 1998, JAMA.

[46]  Mph Lorena Binfa Rm,et al.  “We are always asked; ‘where are you from?’”: Chilean women’s reflections in midlife about their health and influence of migration to Sweden , 2010 .

[47]  J. Bensing,et al.  Afghan refugees and their general practitioners in The Netherlands: to trust or not to trust? , 2007, Sociology of health & illness.

[48]  D. Brashers,et al.  Communicating to Manage Health and Illness , 2009 .

[49]  Andrew Booth,et al.  Evidence-Based Practice for Information Professionals: A Handbook , 2003 .

[50]  J E Ware,et al.  The Primary Care Assessment Survey: tests of data quality and measurement performance. , 1998, Medical care.

[51]  W. Rogers,et al.  Planning older people's discharge from acute hospital care: linking risk management and patient participation in decision-making , 2004 .