Excess heat and unexpected elements from aqueous electrolysis with titanium and palladium cathodes

Presented here are results of research performed at Portland State University, USA, during the period 1994 to 1996. Excess heat was produced at the rate of about 1.2 watts during electrolysis of heavy water with titanium cathode weighing 0.0625g. Analysis of the electrodes before and after electrolysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) revealed that new surface topographical features with concentrations of unexpected elements (V, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn) formed during electrolysis. The morphology and microcomposition of palladium after electrolysis in heavy water were studied. Fibers which appeared on the surface were observed to change with time. Evidence which supports the possibility of transmutation is presented.