A Review on the Application of Nanofluids in Coiled Tube Heat Exchangers

Due to their compact design, ease of manufacture and high efficiency in heat and mass transfer, helically coiled tubes are widely used in a number of industries and processes such as in the food, nuclear, aerospace and power generation industries and in heat recovery, refrigeration, space heating and air-conditioning processes. Due to the formation of a secondary flow, which inherently enhances the mixing of the fluid, helically coiled tubes are known to yield enhanced heat transfer characteristics when compared to straight tube heat exchangers. The secondary flow is perpendicular to the axial fluid direction and reduces the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. Goering et al. [1] estimated the secondary flow to account for circa 16–20% of the mean fluid flow velocity.

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