Exact Model for Mode-Dependent Gains and Losses in Multimode Fiber

In the strong mode-coupling regime, the model for mode-dependent gains and losses (collectively referred as MDL) of a multimode fiber is extended to the region with large MDL. The MDL is found to have the same statistical properties as the eigenvalues of the sum of two matrices. The first matrix is a random Gaussian matrix with its standard deviation proportional to the accumulated MDL. The other matrix is a deterministic matrix with uniform eigenvalues proportional to the square of the accumulated MDL. The results are analytically correct for fibers with two or very large number of modes, and also numerically verified for multimode fibers with other number of modes.

[1]  Barry G. Grossman,et al.  Spatial domain multiplexing: A new dimension in fiber optic multiplexing , 2008 .

[2]  Edmund Taylor Whittaker,et al.  A Course of Modern Analysis , 2021 .

[3]  R. D. Standley,et al.  Pulse dispersion and refractive-index profiles of some low-noise multimode optical fibers , 1973 .

[4]  H. Kogelnik,et al.  PMD fundamentals: polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  Daniel M. Kuchta,et al.  Design of optical communications data links , 2003, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[6]  T. Wilkinson,et al.  All Optical Mode-Multiplexing Using Holography and Multimode Fiber Couplers , 2012, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[7]  M. Karlsson.  Probability density functions of the differential group delay in optical fiber communication systems , 2001 .

[8]  J. Kahn,et al.  Frequency Diversity in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[9]  Xi Chen,et al.  Dual-LP11 mode 4×4 MIMO-OFDM transmission over a two-mode fiber. , 2011, Optics express.

[10]  Keang-Po Ho,et al.  Statistics of Group Delays in Multimode Fiber With Strong Mode Coupling , 2011, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[11]  Yasuhiro Koike,et al.  Plastic optical fibers: Technologies and communication links , 2008 .

[12]  Sercan Ö. Arik,et al.  Effect of Mode Coupling on Signal Processing Complexity in Mode-Division Multiplexing , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[13]  L. Palmieri,et al.  The exact statistics of polarization-dependent loss in fiber-optic links , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[14]  Benyuan Zhu,et al.  Long distance transmission in few-mode fibers. , 2010, Optics express.

[15]  J. Kahn,et al.  Mode-dependent loss and gain: statistics and effect on mode-division multiplexing. , 2011, Optics express.

[16]  Massimiliano Salsi,et al.  Transmission at 2×100Gb/s, over two modes of 40km-long prototype few-mode fiber, using LCOS-based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer , 2011, 2011 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.

[17]  D. Gloge,et al.  Optical power flow in multimode fibers , 1972 .

[18]  Ali H. Sayed,et al.  Fundamentals and challenges of optical multiple-input multiple-output multimode fiber links [Topics in Optical Communications] , 2007, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[19]  K. Ho.  Central Limit for the Product of Free Random Variables , 2011, 1101.5220.

[20]  S Berdagué,et al.  Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers. , 1982, Applied optics.

[21]  Sébastien Bigo,et al.  Two mode transmission at 2×100 Gb/s, over 40 km-long prototype few-mode fiber, using LCOS-based programmable mode multiplexer and demultiplexer. , 2011, Optics express.

[22]  R. Olshansky,et al.  Mode Coupling Effects in Graded-index Optical Fibers. , 1975, Applied optics.

[23]  Alexandru Nica,et al.  Free random variables , 1992 .

[24]  Javier Sesma,et al.  Computation of the Regular Confluent Hypergeometric Function , 1995 .

[25]  José L. López.  Asymptotic expansions of the Whittaker functions for large order parameter , 1999 .

[26]  Alexandru Nica,et al.  Lectures on the Combinatorics of Free Probability: Transforms and models , 2006 .

[27]  Xiaoyi Bao,et al.  Statistical distribution of polarization-dependent loss in the presence of polarization-mode dispersion in single-mode fibers , 2001 .

[28]  Stuart,et al.  Dispersive multiplexing in multimode optical fiber , 2000, Science.

[29]  Peter J. Winzer,et al.  MIMO capacities and outage probabilities in spatially multiplexed optical transport systems. , 2011, Optics express.

[30]  Ali H. Sayed,et al.  Fundamentals and challenges of optical multiple-input multiple-output multimode fiber links - eScholarship , 2007 .

[31]  H. Buchholz.  The Confluent Hypergeometric Function , 2021, A Course of Modern Analysis.