From Novel Technology to Novel Applications: Comment on “An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels” by Elon Musk and Neuralink

The first attempts to translate neuronal activity into commands to control external devices were made in monkeys yet in 1960s [1]. After that, during 1960-1970, the biological feedback was realized in monkeys, to provide voluntary control of the firing rate of cortical neurons [2,3]. The term “brain-computer interface” appeared only in earlier 1970s [4]. The brain-computer interface is usually referred to as a “brain-machine interface” in invasive studies. Nowadays, the brain-computer interface and brain-machine interface research and applications are considered one of the most exciting interdisciplinary areas of science and technology.

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