An integrative approach to product development—A skin-care cream

Abstract An integrative approach, involving marketing and management issues on the business side, and product design and prototyping on the technical side, is proposed for the development of chemical-based products. For the former, objective-time chart, RAT2IO modules and workflow diagrams are used for project management. For the latter, the integration of experiments, modeling and synthesis expedites product conceptualization and prototyping. Tasks for which chemical engineers are expected to play a key or a supporting role are discussed. An industrial application – the development of a skin-care cream is described alongside the procedure in order to illustrate the myriad issues in product development. In addition to the traditional engineering problems such as process and equipment design, product characterization, performance evaluation, and stability tests are also included as an integral part of this approach.

[1]  James M. Douglas,et al.  Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes , 1988 .

[2]  D. Peters,et al.  Raw materials , 2007, Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology.

[3]  Jan J. Lerou,et al.  Chemical reaction engineering : A multiscale approach to a multiobjective task , 1996 .

[4]  Michael Hill Product and process design for structured products , 2004 .

[5]  J. Thiele,et al.  Vitamin E: critical review of its current use in cosmetic and clinical dermatology. , 2006, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[6]  Jinghai Li,et al.  Process engineering research in China: A multiscale, market‐driven approach , 2005 .

[7]  H. Leuenberger,et al.  Investigation of thermal phase inversion in emulsions , 1994 .

[8]  Ka Ming Ng,et al.  Separation and Purification of Schisandrin B from Fructus Schisandrae , 2008 .

[9]  C. Griffiths,et al.  Clinical features of photodamaged human skin are associated with a reduction in collagen VII , 1997, The British journal of dermatology.

[10]  Ka Ming Ng,et al.  Separation and purification of (−)schisandrin B from schisandrin B stereoisomers , 2008 .

[11]  Ernest W. Flick,et al.  Cosmetics Additives: An Industrial Guide , 1991 .

[12]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  Product Design and Development , 1995 .

[13]  D. Mak,et al.  In Vivo Antioxidant Action of a Lignan-Enriched Extract of Schisandra Fruit and an Anthraquinone-Containing Extract of Polygonum Root in Comparison with Schisandrin B and Emodin , 2002, Planta medica.

[14]  Patricia K Farris,et al.  Topical vitamin C: a useful agent for treating photoaging and other dermatologic conditions. , 2006, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].

[15]  Enrico Gratton,et al.  Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin. , 2006, Free radical biology & medicine.

[16]  Rafiqul Gani,et al.  Computer-Aided Methods and Tools for Chemical Product Design , 2004 .

[17]  R. Landau,et al.  Education : Moving from chemistry to chemical engineering and beyond , 1997 .

[18]  Rafiqul Gani,et al.  Chemical product design: challenges and opportunities , 2004, Comput. Chem. Eng..

[19]  Christopher D. Vaughan,et al.  PREDICTING O/W EMULSION STABILITY BY THE “REQUIRED HLB EQUATION” , 1990 .

[20]  Miguel J. Bagajewicz,et al.  On the role of microeconomics, planning, and finances in product design , 2007 .

[21]  Robert K. M. Ko,et al.  Schisandrin B and Other Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans , 2004 .

[22]  L. Baumann,et al.  Skin ageing and its treatment , 2007, The Journal of pathology.

[23]  Rafiqul Gani,et al.  Chemical product design : toward a perspective through case studies , 2007 .

[24]  K. Wintermantel,et al.  Process and Product Engineering: Achievements, Present and Future Challenges , 1999 .

[25]  James Wei Chemical Engineering Education in Post-Industrial America. Commentary , 2008 .

[26]  L. Packer,et al.  Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrienols in protection of murine skin from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation. , 1997, Free radical biology & medicine.

[27]  Ignacio E. Grossmann,et al.  Research challenges in process systems engineering , 2000 .

[28]  Ka Ming Ng,et al.  Efficient, One-Step Mechanochemical Process for the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles , 2008 .

[29]  D. F. Williams,et al.  Chemistry And Technology Of The Cosmetics And Toiletries Industry , 2009 .

[30]  Jeffrey D Laskin,et al.  UVB Light Stimulates Production of Reactive Oxygen Species , 2003, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[31]  Christianto Wibowo,et al.  Product‐centered processing: Manufacture of chemical‐based consumer products , 2002 .

[32]  Martin M. Rieger,et al.  Surfactants in Cosmetics , 1985 .

[33]  Choon Nam Ong,et al.  Herbal and traditional medicine : molecular aspects of health , 2004 .

[34]  Christianto Wibowo,et al.  Product-oriented process synthesis and development: Creams and pastes , 2001 .

[35]  M. M. Rieger Hyaluronic acid in cosmetics : A review of its chemistry and biochemistry , 1998 .

[36]  Ka Ming Ng,et al.  MOPSD: a framework linking business decision-making to product and process design , 2004, Comput. Chem. Eng..

[37]  Miguel J. Bagajewicz,et al.  Product Design: A Case Study of Slow-Release Carpet Deodorizers/Disinfectants , 2008 .

[38]  J. Charpentier,et al.  Modern Chemical Engineering in the Framework of Globalization, Sustainability, and Technical Innovation , 2007 .

[39]  Christianto Wibowo,et al.  Beyond process design: The emergence of a process development focus , 2003 .

[40]  Warren D. Seider,et al.  Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation , 1998 .

[41]  A. C. Dimian,et al.  Chemical Product Design , 2014 .