Telehealth for Assessing and Managing Tardive Dyskinesia: Expert Insights from a Cross-Disciplinary Virtual Treatment Panel

Introduction: Publications on the integration of telehealth in the care of patients with movement disorders are increasing, but little has been presented regarding its use in tardive dyskinesia (TD), a drug-induced movement disorder associated with prolonged exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents. This study was conducted to address that knowledge gap, based on insights from a panel of TD experts. Methods: In 2020, six neurologists, three psychiatrists, and three psychiatric nurse practitioners participated in individual semistructured interviews about in-person and virtual TD assessment and management in their practices. Two virtual roundtables were then conducted to consolidate findings from these interviews. Results: The panel agreed that despite the challenges of virtual TD assessment (e.g., technology issues, difficulty observing entire body, inability to conduct thorough neurological examinations), telehealth can offer benefits (e.g., fewer missed appointments, reduced time/cost, easier access to family/caregiver feedback). The panel also agreed that telehealth should be combined with periodic in-person visits, and they recommended an in-person TD assessment within 6 months before the first virtual visit and at least one in-person assessment every 6 months thereafter. Additional best practices for TD telehealth included implementing video, involving family/caregivers, and providing preappointment instructions to help patients prepare their technology and environment. Conclusions: Telehealth is not a substitute for in-person visits but can be a helpful complement to in-person clinical care. Clinicians can optimize virtual visits in patients at risk of TD by using targeted questions to identify TD and evaluate its impact and by providing education about approved TD treatments.