RapA, a Novel RNA Polymerase-Associated Protein, Is a Bacterial Homolog of SWI2/SNF2*

We have identified a novel Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associatedprotein, an ATPase named RapA. Almost all of this 110-kDa protein in the cell copurifies with RNAP holoenzyme as a 1:1 complex. Purified to homogeneity, RapA also forms a stable complex with RNAP, as if it were a subunit of RNAP. The ATPase activity of RapA is stimulated by binding to RNAP, and thus, RapA and RNAP interact physically as well as functionally. Interestingly, RapA is a homolog of the SWI/SNF family of eukaryotic proteins whose members are involved in transcription activation, nucleosome remodeling, and DNA repair.

[1]  James T Kadonaga,et al.  SWI2/SNF2 and Related Proteins: ATP-Driven Motors That Disrupt-Protein–DNA Interactions? , 1997, Cell.

[2]  Paul Tempst,et al.  RSC, an Essential, Abundant Chromatin-Remodeling Complex , 1996, Cell.

[3]  S. Goff,et al.  Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 (EBNA2) binds to a component of the human SNF-SWI complex, hSNF5/Ini1 , 1996, Journal of virology.

[4]  D. Jin.  A mutant RNA polymerase reveals a kinetic mechanisms for the switch between nonproductive stuttering synthesis and productive initiation during promoter clearance. , 1996, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[5]  Craig L. Peterson,et al.  DNA-binding properties of the yeast SWI/SNF complex , 1996, Nature.

[6]  R. Young,et al.  RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme Contains SWI/SNF Regulators Involved in Chromatin Remodeling , 1996, Cell.

[7]  Carl Wu,et al.  Purification and properties of an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor , 1995, Cell.

[8]  M. Chamberlin,et al.  Escherichia coli transcript cleavage factors GreA and GreB stimulate promoter escape and gene expression in vivo and in vitro. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  J A Eisen,et al.  Evolution of the SNF2 family of proteins: subfamilies with distinct sequences and functions. , 1995, Nucleic acids research.

[10]  D. Higgs,et al.  Mutations in a putative global transcriptional regulator cause X-linked mental retardation with α-thalassemia (ATR-X syndrome) , 1995, Cell.

[11]  G. Crabtree,et al.  Binding and stimulation of HIV-1 integrase by a human homolog of yeast transcription factor SNF5. , 1994, Science.

[12]  C. Chan,et al.  GreA-induced transcript cleavage in transcription complexes containing Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is controlled by multiple factors, including nascent transcript location and structure. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[13]  Michael R. Green,et al.  Nucleosome disruption and enhancement of activator binding by a human SW1/SNF complex , 1994, Nature.

[14]  J. Workman,et al.  Stimulation of GAL4 derivative binding to nucleosomal DNA by the yeast SWI/SNF complex. , 1994, Science.

[15]  M. Carlson,et al.  The SNF/SWI family of global transcriptional activators. , 1994, Current opinion in cell biology.

[16]  M. Chamberlin,et al.  RNA cleavage and chain elongation by Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in a binary enzyme.RNA complex. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[17]  C. McCallum,et al.  Identification and characterization of Drosophila relatives of the yeast transcriptional activator SNF2/SWI2 , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[18]  Paul A. Khavari,et al.  BRG1 contains a conserved domain of the SWI2/SNF2 family necessary for normal mitotic growth and transcription , 1993, Nature.

[19]  M. Yaniv,et al.  A human homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF2/SWI2 and Drosophila brm genes potentiates transcriptional activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[20]  J. Archambault,et al.  Genetics of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. , 1993, Microbiological reviews.

[21]  A. Ishihama,et al.  Protein-protein communication within the transcription apparatus , 1993, Journal of bacteriology.

[22]  C. Sander,et al.  Prokaryotic members of a new family of putative helicases with similarity to transcription activator SNF2. , 1993, Journal of molecular biology.

[23]  S. Borukhov,et al.  Transcript cleavage factors from E. coli , 1993, Cell.

[24]  P Bork,et al.  An expanding family of helicases within the 'DEAD/H' superfamily. , 1993, Nucleic acids research.

[25]  J. Hoeijmakers,et al.  ERCC6, a member of a subfamily of putative helicases, is involved in Cockayne's syndrome and preferential repair of active genes , 1992, Cell.

[26]  R. Nussbaum,et al.  Cloning of human and bovine homologs of SNF2/SWI2: a global activator of transcription in yeast S. cerevisiae. , 1992, Nucleic acids research.

[27]  Robert E. Johnson,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD5-encoded DNA repair protein contains DNA helicase and zinc-binding sequence motifs and affects the stability of simple repetitive sequences in the genome , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[28]  Nobuyuki Fujita,et al.  Systematic sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome: analysis of the 0- 2.4 min region , 1992, Nucleic Acids Res..

[29]  M. Carlson,et al.  Identification of RAD 16, a yeast excision repair gene homologous to the recombinational repair gene RAD 54 and to the SNF2 gene involved in transcriptioal activation , 1992, Yeast.

[30]  K.,et al.  Isolation of DNA damage-inducible promoters in Escherichia coli: regulation of polB (dinA), dinG, and dinH by LexA repressor , 1992, Journal of bacteriology.

[31]  I. Herskowitz,et al.  Characterization of the yeast SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 genes, which encode a global activator of transcription , 1992, Cell.

[32]  Thomas C. Kaufman,et al.  brahma: A regulator of Drosophila homeotic genes structurally related to the yeast transcriptional activator SNF2 SWI2 , 1992, Cell.

[33]  D. Glover,et al.  Chromosome tangling and breakage at anaphase result from mutations in lodestar, a Drosophila gene encoding a putative nucleoside triphosphate-binding protein. , 1991, Genes & development.

[34]  J. Sparkowski,et al.  Location of a new gene, greA, on the Escherichia coli chromosome , 1991, Journal of bacteriology.

[35]  R. Burgess,et al.  Use of Mono Q high-resolution ion-exchange chromatography to obtain highly pure and active Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[36]  M. Carlson,et al.  Mutations causing constitutive invertase synthesis in yeast: genetic interactions with snf mutations. , 1987, Genetics.

[37]  I. Herskowitz,et al.  Five SWI genes are required for expression of the HO gene in yeast. , 1984, Journal of molecular biology.

[38]  Joyce Li,et al.  Interaction of the sigma factor and the nusA gene protein of E. coli with RNA polymerase in the initiation-termination cycle of transcription , 1981, Cell.

[39]  R. Burgess,et al.  Purification and properties of the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. , 1979, Biochemistry.

[40]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[41]  W. Zillig,et al.  Transcription in Lactobacillaceae , 1974 .

[42]  C. Mathews.  Biochemistry of deoxyribonucleic acid-defective amber mutants of bacteriophage T4. 3. Nucleotide pools. , 1972, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[43]  R. Burgess,et al.  Cyclic Re-use of the RNA Polymerase Sigma Factor , 1969, Nature.

[44]  R. Burgess,et al.  Factor Stimulating Transcription by RNA Polymerase , 1969, Nature.

[45]  N. Fujita,et al.  Subunit assembly and metabolic stability of E. coli RNA polymerase , 1987, Proteins.

[46]  M. Wickens,et al.  RNA polymerase and the regulation of transcription , 1987 .

[47]  M. Gottesman,et al.  Lytic Mode of Lambda Development , 1983 .