Structural Definition and Comparison of Early Medieval Roof Structures

Few roof structures remain unscathed from the 12th and early 13th centuries. The relatively large amount of well-preserved early roof structures in churches in Sweden is used as a point of departure to structurally define medieval Romanesque roof structures and to make comparisons within North-Western Europe. Investigations of actual roof structures along with study of written sources provide the basis for the study. The structures are defined and compared according to load-carrying system, included parts, centre distances, slope of roof, connection with wall, joints, outer roofing and decorations. We found many structural similarities and the structures seemingly belong to the same building historical context while also showing regional differences. The early medieval roof structures of North-Western Europe can generally and concisely be described as common rafter roofs with tie beams, without longitudinal bracing systems and having strut beams and collar beams in different combinations to support the rafters.