The Innate Immune Response to Infection Induces Erythropoietin-Dependent Replenishment of the Dendritic Cell

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the adaptive immune response due to their ability to present antigens and stimulate naïve T cells. Many bacteria and viruses can efficiently target DC, resulting in impairment of their immunostimulatory function or elimination. Hence, the DC compartment requires replenishment following infection to ensure continued operational readiness of the adaptive immune system. Here, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation-induced DC generation. We found that infection with viral and bacterial pathogens as well as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligation with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) expanded an erythropoietin (EPO)dependent TER119CD11a cell population in the spleen that had the capacity to differentiate into TER119CD11c and TER119CD11c cells both in vitro and in vivo. TER119CD11c cells contributed to the conventional DC pool in the spleen and specifically increased in lymph nodes draining the site of local inflammation. Our results reveal a so far undescribed inflammatory EPO-dependent pathway of DC differentiation and establish a mechanistic link between innate immune recognition of potential immunosuppressive pathogens and the maintenance of the DC pool during and after infection. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01627 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-190898 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Einwächter, Henrik; Heiseke, Alexander; Schlitzer, Andreas; Gasteiger, Georg; Adler, Heiko; Voehringer, David; Manz, Markus G; Ruzsics, Zsolt; Dölken, Lars; Koszinowski, Ulrich H; Sparwasser, Tim; Reindl, Wolfgang; Jordan, Stefan (2020). The innate immune response to infection induces erythropoietindependent replenishment of the dendritic cell compartment. Frontiers in Immunology, 11:1627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01627 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 31 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01627 Frontiers in Immunology | www.frontiersin.org 1 July 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 1627 Edited by:

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