MRI assessment of basal ganglia iron deposition in Parkinson's disease

To estimate the levels of basal ganglia iron levels in Parkinson's disease (PD) using the PRIME MR sequence at 3.0 Tesla, in relation to patients' motor symptom severity.

[1]  P D Griffiths,et al.  Brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequence. , 2000, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[2]  M. I. Argyropoulou,et al.  MRI evaluation of the basal ganglia size and iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease , 2005, Journal of Neurology.

[3]  R A Knight,et al.  MR imaging of human brain at 3.0 T: preliminary report on transverse relaxation rates and relation to estimated iron content. , 1999, Radiology.

[4]  J. Dankert,et al.  PENICILLIN-SENSITIVE STREPTOCOCCAL ENDOCARDITIS , 1982, The Lancet.

[5]  M. Hoehn,et al.  Parkinsonism , 1998, Neurology.

[6]  Jim Mintz,et al.  Brain ferritin iron may influence age- and gender-related risks of neurodegeneration , 2007, Neurobiology of Aging.

[7]  R. Ordidge,et al.  The measurement of R2, R2* and R2' in HIV-infected patients using the prime sequence as a measure of brain iron deposition. , 1997, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[8]  C Trenkwalder,et al.  The combination of hypointense and hyperintense signal changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences: a specific marker of multiple system atrophy? , 1999, Archives of neurology.

[9]  J. Schenck,et al.  High‐field magnetic resonance imaging of brain iron: birth of a biomarker? , 2004, NMR in biomedicine.

[10]  D Gadian,et al.  Does signal-attenuation on high-field T2-weighted MRI of the brain reflect regional cerebral iron deposition? Observations on the relationship between regional cerebral water proton T2 values and iron levels. , 1989, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[11]  M. Yorubulut,et al.  T2-weighted MRI in Parkinson's disease; substantia nigra pars compacta hypointensity correlates with the clinical scores. , 2004, Neurology India.

[12]  H. Watanabe,et al.  Field strengths and sequences influence putaminal MRI findings in multiple system atrophy , 2004, Neurology.

[13]  A. Lees,et al.  Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, London: overview and research. , 1993, Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum.

[14]  C. Clarke.  Neuroprotection and pharmacotherapy for motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease , 2004, The Lancet Neurology.

[15]  R. Brooks,et al.  T1 and T2 in the brain of healthy subjects, patients with Parkinson disease, and patients with multiple system atrophy: relation to iron content. , 1999, Radiology.

[16]  A. Bonnet,et al.  [The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale]. , 2000, Revue neurologique.

[17]  P. Boesiger,et al.  T2 relaxation time in patients with Parkinson's disease , 1993, Neurology.

[18]  John F. Schenck,et al.  Imaging of brain iron by magnetic resonance: T2 relaxation at different field strengths , 1995, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[19]  M. Hoehn,et al.  Parkinsonism , 1967, Neurology.

[20]  P D Griffiths,et al.  Iron in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. An in vitro study using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and cryo-electron microscopy. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[21]  C D Marsden,et al.  Alterations in the levels of iron, ferritin and other trace metals in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases affecting the basal ganglia. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[22]  C. Counsell,et al.  Is it Parkinson’s disease, and if not, what is it? , 2006, Practical Neurology.

[23]  B. Hallgren,et al.  THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE NON‐HAEMIN IRON IN THE HUMAN BRAIN , 1958, Journal of neurochemistry.

[24]  F. Ye,et al.  Basal ganglia iron content in Parkinson's disease measured with magnetic resonance , 1996, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[25]  Marguerite Wieler,et al.  Midbrain iron content in early Parkinson disease , 2008, Neurology.

[26]  P D Griffiths,et al.  Distribution of iron in the basal ganglia and neocortex in postmortem tissue in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. , 1993, Dementia.

[27]  C. Leake.  Free radicals and aging. , 1968, Geriatrics.

[28]  C. Marsden,et al.  INCREASED NIGRAL IRON CONTENT IN POSTMORTEM PARKINSONIAN BRAIN , 1987, The Lancet.

[29]  E. Haacke,et al.  Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. , 2005, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[30]  B. Drayer,et al.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging in multiple-system atrophy and Parkinson disease: a diagnostic algorithm. , 2002, Archives of neurology.

[31]  G A Johnson,et al.  MRI of brain iron. , 1986, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[32]  R. Ordidge,et al.  Assessment of relative brain iron concentrations using T2‐weighted and T2*‐weighted MRI at 3 Tesla , 1994, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[33]  P. Ryvlin,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of decreased putamenal iron content in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. , 1995, Archives of neurology.

[34]  R. Ordidge,et al.  Increased iron‐related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease , 1995, Neurology.

[35]  R M Henkelman,et al.  MR of human postmortem brain tissue: correlative study between T2 and assays of iron and ferritin in Parkinson and Huntington disease. , 1993, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[36]  A. Jon Stoessl,et al.  Etiology of Parkinson's Disease , 2003, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.