Gapping Constructions in Universal Dependencies v2

In this paper, we provide a detailed account of sentences with gapping such as “John likes tea, and Mary coffee” within the Universal Dependencies (UD) framework. We explain how common gapping constructions as well as rare complex constructions can be analyzed on the basis of examples in Dutch, English, Farsi, German, Hindi, Japanese, and Turkish. We further argue why the adopted analysis of these constructions in UD version 2 is better suited for annotating treebanks and parsing than previous proposals, and we discuss how gapping constructions can be analyzed in the enhanced UD representation, a graph-based semantic representation for shallow computational semantics tasks.

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