A fully differential CMOS potentiostat

A CMOS potentiostat for chemical sensing in a noisy environment is presented. The potentiostat measures bidirectional electrochemical redox currents proportional to the concentration of a chemical down to pico-ampere range. The fully differential architecture with differential recording electrodes suppresses the common mode interference. A 200µm×200µm prototype was fabricated in a standard 0.35µm standard CMOS technology and yields a 70dB dynamic range. The in-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs 16-bit current-to-frequency quantization. The integrated potentiostat functionality is validated in electrical and electrochemical experiments.

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