Emergence of fiber supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are energy storage devices which have high power density and long cycle life. Conventional SCs have two-dimensional planar structures. As a new family of SCs, fiber SCs utilize one-dimensional cylindrically shaped fibers as electrodes. They have attracted significant interest since 2011 and have shown great application potential either as micro-scale devices to complement or even replace micro-batteries in miniaturized electronics and microelectromechanical systems or as macro-scale devices for wearable electronics or smart textiles. This tutorial review provides an essential introduction to this new field. We first introduce the basics of performance evaluation for fiber SCs as a foundation to understand different research approaches and the diverse performance metrics reported in the literature. Next, we summarize the current state-of-the-art progress in structure design and electrode fabrication of fiber SCs. This is followed by a discussion on the integration of multiple fiber SCs and the combination with other energy harvesting or storage devices. Last, we present our perspectives on the future development of fiber SCs and highlight key technical challenges with the hope of stimulating further research progress.

[1]  Bin Liu,et al.  Flexible, planar-integrated, all-solid-state fiber supercapacitors with an enhanced distributed-capacitance effect. , 2013, Small.

[2]  Chen Chen,et al.  Twisting Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Both Wire‐Shaped Micro‐Supercapacitor and Micro‐Battery , 2013, Advanced materials.

[3]  Dingshan Yu,et al.  Controlled Functionalization of Carbonaceous Fibers for Asymmetric Solid‐State Micro‐Supercapacitors with High Volumetric Energy Density , 2014, Advanced materials.

[4]  Qinghai Meng,et al.  High‐Performance All‐Carbon Yarn Micro‐Supercapacitor for an Integrated Energy System , 2014, Advanced materials.

[5]  David Harrison,et al.  A coaxial single fibre supercapacitor for energy storage. , 2013, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[6]  Genevieve Dion,et al.  Textile energy storage in perspective , 2014 .

[7]  Jian Chang,et al.  Coaxial fiber supercapacitor using all-carbon material electrodes. , 2013, ACS nano.

[8]  Ping Xu,et al.  Carbon Nanotube Fiber Based Stretchable Wire‐Shaped Supercapacitors , 2014 .

[9]  Myung Jong Kim,et al.  Macroscopic, Neat, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fibers , 2002, Science.

[10]  L. Qu,et al.  Textile electrodes woven by carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid fibers for flexible electrochemical capacitors. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[11]  Huisheng Peng,et al.  Flexible and Weaveable Capacitor Wire Based on a Carbon Nanocomposite Fiber , 2013, Advanced materials.

[12]  B. Liu,et al.  Flexible Energy‐Storage Devices: Design Consideration and Recent Progress , 2014, Advanced materials.

[13]  Zhenbo Cai,et al.  An Integrated "energy wire" for both photoelectric conversion and energy storage. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[14]  Yu-Lun Chueh,et al.  Fiber-based all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors for self-powered systems. , 2012, ACS nano.

[15]  Majid Beidaghi,et al.  Capacitive energy storage in micro-scale devices: recent advances in design and fabrication of micro-supercapacitors , 2014 .

[16]  Nan Chen,et al.  Spinning fabrication of graphene/polypyrrole composite fibers for all-solid-state, flexible fibriform supercapacitors , 2014 .

[17]  G. Gary Wang,et al.  Flexible solid-state supercapacitors: design, fabrication and applications , 2014 .

[18]  L. Qu,et al.  MnO 2 -modified hierarchical graphene fiber electrochemical supercapacitor , 2014 .

[19]  Lan Jiang,et al.  Facile Fabrication of Light, Flexible and Multifunctional Graphene Fibers , 2012, Advanced materials.

[20]  Meryl D. Stoller,et al.  Review of Best Practice Methods for Determining an Electrode Material's Performance for Ultracapacitors , 2010 .

[21]  X. Tao,et al.  Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications , 2014, Advanced materials.

[22]  Minbaek Lee,et al.  Single‐Fiber‐Based Hybridization of Energy Converters and Storage Units Using Graphene as Electrodes , 2011, Advanced materials.

[23]  Peihua Huang,et al.  Ultrahigh-power micrometre-sized supercapacitors based on onion-like carbon. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[24]  Xin Cai,et al.  Integrated power fiber for energy conversion and storage , 2013 .

[25]  Hao Sun,et al.  A twisted wire-shaped dual-function energy device for photoelectric conversion and electrochemical storage. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Fiber supercapacitors made of nanowire-fiber hybrid structures for wearable/flexible energy storage. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[27]  Ping Wang,et al.  Wet-spinning assembly of continuous, neat, and macroscopic graphene fibers , 2012, Scientific Reports.

[28]  Xin Cai,et al.  Fiber Supercapacitors Utilizing Pen Ink for Flexible/Wearable Energy Storage , 2012, Advanced materials.

[29]  Yihua Gao,et al.  Solid-State High Performance Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Polypyrrole-MnO2-Carbon Fiber Hybrid Structure , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[30]  Gordon G Wallace,et al.  Ultrafast charge and discharge biscrolled yarn supercapacitors for textiles and microdevices , 2013, Nature Communications.

[31]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Direct laser writing of micro-supercapacitors on hydrated graphite oxide films. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[32]  Huisheng Peng,et al.  Novel Electric Double‐Layer Capacitor with a Coaxial Fiber Structure , 2013, Advanced materials.

[33]  Chao Gao,et al.  Coaxial wet-spun yarn supercapacitors for high-energy density and safe wearable electronics , 2014, Nature Communications.

[34]  Huisheng Peng,et al.  A highly stretchable, fiber-shaped supercapacitor. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[35]  Huisheng Peng,et al.  Integrated Polymer Solar Cell and Electrochemical Supercapacitor in a Flexible and Stable Fiber Format , 2014, Advanced materials.

[36]  Jiangtian Li,et al.  Nanostructured carbon-metal oxide composite electrodes for supercapacitors: a review. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[37]  Zenan Yu,et al.  Energy Storing Electrical Cables: Integrating Energy Storage and Electrical Conduction , 2014, Advanced materials.

[38]  L. Qu,et al.  All‐Graphene Core‐Sheath Microfibers for All‐Solid‐State, Stretchable Fibriform Supercapacitors and Wearable Electronic Textiles , 2013, Advanced materials.

[39]  Menghe Miao,et al.  High‐Performance Two‐Ply Yarn Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays , 2013, Advanced materials.

[40]  K. Lian,et al.  Knitted and screen printed carbon-fiber supercapacitors for applications in wearable electronics , 2013 .

[41]  J. Baek,et al.  Carbon nanomaterials for advanced energy conversion and storage. , 2012, Small.

[42]  Dingshan Yu,et al.  Scalable synthesis of hierarchically structured carbon nanotube–graphene fibres for capacitive energy storage , 2014, Nature Nanotechnology.

[43]  Hao Sun,et al.  Self‐Powered Energy Fiber: Energy Conversion in the Sheath and Storage in the Core , 2014, Advanced materials.

[44]  Lei Zhang,et al.  A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[45]  G. Shi,et al.  A high-performance flexible fibre-shaped electrochemical capacitor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. , 2013, Chemical communications.