Modeling interference voltage at cardiac pacemaker for ultra wideband signals

The authors have previously developed a two-step approach to model the electromagnetic (EM) interference voltage at implanted cardiac pacemaker for narrow band communication signals. In the first step, the input voltage of the analog sensing circuit of pacemaker is calculated using an EM field analysis tool by considering the pacemaker as a receiving antenna. In the second step, a nonlinear operational amplifier (opamp) model with Volterra series representation is employed to predict the output voltage of the sensing circuit which consists of an amplifier and a low-pass filter. In this paper, we extend this approach to ultra wideband (UWB) interference signals which is employed in wearable body area communications. The result has shown a safety margin of around 35 dB under the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) UWB emission limit for the sensing circuit of cardiac pacemaker.