A Study of Sensitisation Pattern to Various Aero-Allergens by Skin Prick Test in Patients of United Airway Disease (UAD) in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Aero-allergens play a major role in pathogenesis of respiratory allergic diseases, particularly asthma and rhinitis. Present study was undertaken to identify the common allergens at Bhopal and surrounding, which are responsible for inducing united airway disease (UAD) in subjects, as no study has been done in this central geographical part of the India in the recent past. Skin Prick Testing (SPT) was performed on 89 patients with clinical manifestations of UAD, from April 2013 to March 2014, with 120 different allergen extracts. The testing kit included 50 pollen antigens, 20 fungi, 20 insects, 12 from dust group, 06 types of danders, 6 types of fabrics and feathers and 1 dust mite. The dominant pollen allergens identified were, Cynodon dactylon (53.93%), Cenchrus ciliaris (47.19%), Carica papaya (40.44%), chenopodium murale(37.07%), Gynandropis gyandra(37.07%), Cyprus rotundus,(35.95%), Canabis sativa(35.95%), Amaranthus spinosus(34.83%), Cassia occidentalis(34.83%), Cassia siamega(33.70%), Ehetia laevis(32.58%), Ageratum conyzoides(30.33%) and Brassica campestris(33.33%).Among fungus Aspergillus versicolor (21.3%) was most common sensitizer followed by A.tamari (19.1%), A.flavus (16.85%,) and A.fumigatus (13.48%). Locust male(53.93%) and locust female (53.93%) were the most common sensitizers among insect allergens. House dust showed marked positive reaction in 67.41% of patients. Wheat dust (53.9%) was also significant sensitizer. Among danders, cat dander (19.10%) and dog dander (19.10%) were most common sensitizers. House dust mite extract showed marked positive reaction in 74.15% of patients. Since there are geographical differences in the prevalence of allergens there is need to carry more such studies in different regions at regular intervals to know existence and change in trend of prevalence of allergens and respiratory allergy.