Measurements and Modelling of the Small Scale Effects of Radio Channels for Rural and Suburban B 3 G Wireless Communications

II. MEASUREMENT SYSTEM SETUP AND CAMPAIGNS Abstract—The power delay profiles (PDPs), tap Ricean factors, and tap Doppler spectra due to channel small scale effects are derived and studied in this paper based on the wideband measurements performed in rural and suburban with 100 MHz bandwidth at 5.25 GHz and 2.45 GHz for beyond 3G (B3G) link and system level simulations. The measurements analyzed in this paper were carried out in Oulu region, Finland with 100 MHz bandwidth at 5.25 and 2.45 GHz for MIMO and single-input single-output (SISO) radio channels by using the Elektrobit multidimensional channel sounder [3] in which direct sampling (DS) technique was used. In this paper only SISO measurements are considered. In SISO measurements the dipole antennas were used at the both terminals with gain of 1 dBi and 2 dBi at 5.25 GHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The scenarios include rural and suburban with base station (BS or Tx) antenna heights of 17.6 m, 7.6 (11.7) m, and with the mobile station (MS or Rx) antenna heights of 1.7 m and 1.8 m, respectively. In the suburban measurements, the BS station antenna heights of 11.7 m and 7.6 m were for macroand microcellular measurements, respectively. The rural measurement is almost in line-of-sight (LOS), only near the end of the measured route it is NLOS (non-line-of-sight) due to the obstruction of the forest. The characterization of the rural measurement environment can be found in Fig. 1. The suburban environment shown in Fig. 2 is a typical suburban residential area in Oulu region with mainly 4-6 floor buildings in surroundings (1-2 floor buildings in the measurement route) and narrow streets. The street grid is rather regular, and no open areas can be found between the buildings of the measured route. The suburban measurements were mainly in LOS. In the pictures, the BS stations are indicated by the red arrows.