Virulence and differential local and systemic spread of cucumber mosaic virus in tobacco are affected by the CMV 2b protein.

A mutant of the Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IA strain Fny (Fny-CMV) lacking the gene encoding the 2b protein (Fny-CMVdelta2b) induced a symptomless systemic infection in tobacco. Both the accumulation of Fny-CMVdelta2b in inoculated tissue and the systemic movement of the virus appeared to proceed more slowly than for wild-type Fny-CMV. The influence of the 2b protein on virus movement in the inoculated leaf was examined using viral constructs derived from Fny-CMV and Fny-CMVdelta2b expressing the green fluorescent protein. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to visualize the movement of these viruses. Whereas the wild-type virus spread between the epidermal cells as well as the mesophyll cells, the mutant virus spread less efficiently through the epidermal layer and moved preferentially through the mesophyll. Thus, the 2b protein of Fny-CMV influences the dynamics of movement of the virus both within the inoculated leaf and through the whole plant. We propose that this altered movement profile of Fny-CMVdelta2b results in the absence of disease symptoms in tobacco.

[1]  E. Waigmann,et al.  Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein-mediated protein transport between trichome cells. , 1995, The Plant cell.

[2]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Replicase-mediated resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in transgenic plants involves suppression of both virus replication in the inoculated leaves and long-distance movement. , 1994, Virology.

[3]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Cucumber mosaic virus. , 2018, Advances in virus research.

[4]  R. Symons,et al.  A novel naturally occurring hybrid gene encoded by a plant RNA virus facilitates long distance virus movement. , 1995, The EMBO journal.

[5]  H. Vaucheret,et al.  Infection of tobacco or Arabidopsis plants by CMV counteracts systemic post-transcriptional silencing of nonviral (trans)genes. , 1998, Virology.

[6]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus. I. Molecular heterogeneity mapping of RNA 3 in eight CMV strains. , 1988, Virology.

[7]  M. Zaitlin,et al.  Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing a Nonstructural Gene Sequence of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Is a Consequence of Markedly Reduced Virus Replication , 1991 .

[8]  R. Symons,et al.  An interspecies hybrid RNA virus is significantly more virulent than either parental virus. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  A. Lucy,et al.  Suppression of post‐transcriptional gene silencing by a plant viral protein localized in the nucleus , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[10]  M. Mayo,et al.  Umbravirus gene expression helps potato leafroll virus to invade mesophyll tissues and to be transmitted mechanically between plants. , 2001, Virology.

[11]  R. Symons,et al.  Efficient infection from cDNA clones of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus RNAs in a new plasmid vector. , 1995, The Journal of general virology.

[12]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Subcellular distribution analysis of the cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein. , 2000, The Journal of general virology.

[13]  K. Hellwald,et al.  Rearrangements in the 5′ Nontranslated Region and Phylogenetic Analyses of Cucumber Mosaic Virus RNA 3 Indicate Radial Evolution of Three Subgroups , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[14]  J. O. Berry,et al.  Salicylic Acid Can Induce Resistance to Plant Virus Movement , 1998 .

[15]  W. J. Lucas,et al.  Cucumber mosaic virus 3a protein potentiates cell-to-cell trafficking of CMV RNA in tobacco plants. , 1995, Virology.

[16]  J. Carr,et al.  Salicylic Acid Has Cell-Specific Effects on Tobacco mosaic virus Replication and Cell-to-Cell Movement1 , 2002, Plant Physiology.

[17]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Are tubules generated by the 3a protein necessary for cucumber mosaic virus movement , 1999 .

[18]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Complementation of virus movement in transgenic tobacco expressing the cucumber mosaic virus 3a gene. , 1995, Virology.

[19]  J. Carrington.  Reinventing plant virus movement. , 1999, Trends in microbiology.

[20]  M. J. Adams,et al.  Descriptions of plant viruses on CD-ROM , 1998 .

[21]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Characterization of cucumber mosaic virus. IV. Movement protein and coat protein are both essential for cell-to-cell movement of cucumber mosaic virus. , 1997, Virology.

[22]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary relationships of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains: CMV RNA 2. , 1988, The Journal of general virology.

[23]  D. Baulcombe,et al.  Retracted: Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana , 1998, The EMBO journal.

[24]  S. Ding,et al.  The suppressor of transgene RNA silencing encoded by Cucumber mosaic virus interferes with salicylic acid-mediated virus resistance. , 2001, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[25]  K. Kasschau,et al.  Long-distance movement and replication maintenance functions correlate with silencing suppression activity of potyviral HC-Pro. , 2001, Virology.

[26]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary relationships of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains: CMV RNA 1. , 1989, The Journal of general virology.

[27]  M. Zaitlin,et al.  Restricted Movement of a Temperature-sensitive Virus in Tobacco Leaves is Associated with a Reduction in Numbers of Plasmodesmata , 1982 .

[28]  N. Young,et al.  Immunogold localization of the intracellular sites of structural and nonstructural tobacco mosaic virus proteins. , 1987, Virology.

[29]  R. Symons,et al.  Cucumber mosaic virus contains a functionally divided genome. , 1973, Virology.

[30]  S. Ding,et al.  Viral suppressors of RNA silencing. , 2001, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[31]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary relationships of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains: CMV RNA 3. , 1990, The Journal of general virology.

[32]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Mapping local and systemic symptom determinants of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus in tobacco. , 1994, The Journal of general virology.

[33]  P. Palukaitis,et al.  Rapid induction and severity of symptoms in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) map to RNA 1 of cucumber mosaic virus. , 1990 .

[34]  R. Symons,et al.  New overlapping gene encoded by the cucumber mosaic virus genome. , 1994, Virology.