Trans-rectal ultrasound-coupled near-infrared optical tomography of the prostate, part I: simulation.

We investigate the feasibility of trans-rectal optical tomography of the prostate using an endo-rectal near-infrared (NIR) applicator that is to be integrated with a trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe. Integration with TRUS ensures accurate endo-rectal positioning of the NIR applicator and the utility of using TRUS spatial prior information to guide NIR image reconstruction. The prostate NIR image reconstruction is challenging even with the use of spatial prior owing to the anatomic complexity of the imaging domain. A hierarchical reconstruction algorithm is developed that implements cascaded initial-guesses for nested domains. This hierarchical image reconstruction method is then applied to evaluating a number of NIR applicator designs for integration with a sagittal TRUS transducer. A NIR applicator configuration feasible for instrumentation development is proposed that contains one linear array of optodes on each lateral side of the sagittal TRUS transducer. The performance of this NIR applicator is characterized for the recovery of single tumor mimicking lesion as well as dual targets in the prostate. The results suggest a strong feasibility of transrectal prostate imaging by use of the endo-rectal NIR/US probe.

[1]  S Arridge,et al.  Recovery of piecewise constant coefficients in optical diffusion tomography. , 2000, Optics express.

[2]  T. Loch,et al.  Technical and anatomical essentials for transrectal ultrasound of the prostate , 2007, World Journal of Urology.

[3]  M. Brawer,et al.  Comparison of microscopic vascularity in benign and malignant prostate tissue. , 1993, Human pathology.

[4]  P. Scardino,et al.  The appearance of prostate cancer on transrectal ultrasonography: correlation of imaging and pathological examinations. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[5]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate specific antigen: a decade of discovery--what we have learned and where we are going. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[6]  Hanli Liu,et al.  Application of near infrared multi-spectral CCD imager to determine the hemodynamic changes in prostate tumor , 2006 .

[7]  Hamid Dehghani,et al.  Critical computational aspects of near infrared circular tomographic imaging: Analysis of measurement number, mesh resolution and reconstruction basis. , 2006, Optics express.

[8]  Hamid Dehghani,et al.  Improved quantification of small objects in near-infrared diffuse optical tomography. , 2004, Journal of biomedical optics.

[9]  K D Paulsen,et al.  Three-dimensional simulation of near-infrared diffusion in tissue: boundary condition and geometry analysis for finite-element image reconstruction. , 2001, Applied optics.

[10]  M J Holboke,et al.  Three-dimensional diffuse optical mammography with ultrasound localization in a human subject. , 2000, Journal of biomedical optics.

[11]  S R Arridge,et al.  Reconstructing absorption and diffusion shape profiles in optical tomography by a level set technique. , 2006, Optics letters.

[12]  P. Carroll,et al.  Prostate cancer early detection: a clinical perspective. , 2001, Epidemiologic reviews.

[13]  Phaneendra K. Yalavarthy,et al.  Structural a priori information in near-infrared optical tomography , 2007, SPIE BiOS.

[14]  Goran Stimac,et al.  The incidence of hyperechoic prostate cancer in transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy specimens. , 2007, Urology.

[15]  Dinggang Shen,et al.  Segmentation of prostate boundaries from ultrasound images using statistical shape model , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[16]  J. J. Moré,et al.  Levenberg--Marquardt algorithm: implementation and theory , 1977 .

[17]  Rodolfo Montironi,et al.  Extended and saturation prostatic biopsy in the diagnosis and characterisation of prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. , 2007, European urology.

[18]  Rosalie Nolley,et al.  The prostate specific antigen era in the United States is over for prostate cancer: what happened in the last 20 years? , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[19]  M. Huang,et al.  Benign versus malignant breast masses: optical differentiation with US-guided optical imaging reconstruction. , 2005, Radiology.

[20]  Hamid Dehghani,et al.  Computational aspects of endoscopic (trans-rectal) near-infrared optical tomography: initial investigations , 2007, SPIE BiOS.

[21]  A W Partin,et al.  Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. , 1999, JAMA.

[22]  Timothy C. Zhu,et al.  Optical Properties of Human Prostate at 732 nm Measured In Vivo During Motexafin Lutetium–mediated Photodynamic Therapy¶ , 2005 .

[23]  B. Tromberg,et al.  Non-invasive measurements of breast tissue optical properties using frequency-domain photon migration. , 1997, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[24]  Soren D. Konecky,et al.  Diffuse optical tomography of breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a case study with comparison to MRI. , 2005, Medical physics.

[25]  M R Arnfield,et al.  OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPERIMENTAL PROSTATE TUMORS in vivo , 1993, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[26]  Simon R. Arridge,et al.  RECOVERY OF REGION BOUNDARIES OF PIECEWISE CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS OF AN ELLIPTIC PDE FROM BOUNDARY DATA , 1999 .

[27]  Simon R. Arridge,et al.  Application of the finite-element method for the forward and inverse models in optical tomography , 1993, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision.

[28]  Steven L. Jacques,et al.  Tomographic needles and catheters for optical imaging of prostatic cancer , 1995, Photonics West.

[29]  Jarod C Finlay,et al.  Optical properties of human prostate at 732 nm measured in mediated photodynamic therapy. , 2005, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[30]  Brian W. Pogue,et al.  Near-infrared optical tomography: endoscopic imaging approach , 2007, SPIE BiOS.

[31]  Haesun Choi,et al.  Using a priori structural information from magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the feasibility of prostate diffuse optical tomography and spectroscopy: a simulation study. , 2006, Medical physics.

[32]  P. Walsh,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[33]  P M Schlag,et al.  Frequency-domain techniques enhance optical mammography: initial clinical results. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[34]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2007 , 2007, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[35]  G. Miller,et al.  Morphology of prostate cancer: the effects of multifocality on histological grade, tumor volume and capsule penetration. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[36]  K. Svanberg,et al.  In vivo optical characterization of human prostate tissue using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. , 2007, Journal of biomedical optics.

[37]  V Ntziachristos,et al.  Imager that combines near-infrared diffusive light and ultrasound. , 1999, Optics letters.

[38]  S R Arridge,et al.  Simultaneous reconstruction of internal tissue region boundaries and coefficients in optical diffusion tomography , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[39]  Britton Chance,et al.  Breast imaging technology: Probing physiology and molecular function using optical imaging - applications to breast cancer , 2000, Breast Cancer Research.

[40]  T. Stamey,et al.  Morphologic and clinical significance of multifocal prostate cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens. , 2002, Urology.

[41]  Shixin Cheng,et al.  Dynamic learning rate optimization of the backpropagation algorithm , 1995, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[42]  B. Pogue,et al.  Quantitative hemoglobin tomography with diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy: pilot results in the breast. , 2001, Radiology.

[43]  R. Mason,et al.  Noninvasive investigation of blood oxygenation dynamics of tumors by near-infrared spectroscopy. , 2000, Applied optics.

[44]  R R Alfano,et al.  Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging to Probe Differences in Water Content in Normal and Cancer Human Prostate Tissues , 2004, Technology in cancer research & treatment.