A stochastic model of the temporal and azimuthal dispersion seen at the base station in outdoor propagation environments

A simple statistical model of azimuthal and temporal dispersion in mobile radio channels is proposed. The model includes the probability density function (PDF) of the delay and azimuth of the impinging waves as well as their expected power conditioned on the delay and azimuth. The statistical properties are extracted from macrocellular measurements conducted in a variety of urban environments. It is found that in typical urban environments the power azimuth spectrum (PAS) is accurately described by a Laplacian function, while a Gaussian PDF matches the azimuth PDF. Moreover, the power delay spectrum (PDS) and the delay PDF are accurately modeled by an exponential decaying function. In bad urban environments, channel dispersion is better characterized by a multicluster model, where the PAS and PDS are modeled as a sum of Laplacian functions and exponential decaying functions, respectively.

[1]  Klaus I. Pedersen,et al.  Power azimuth spectrum in outdoor environments , 1997 .

[2]  Peter F. Patel-Schneider,et al.  DLP System Description , 1998, Description Logics.

[3]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Digital Communications , 1983 .

[4]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Overview of spatial channel models for antenna array communication systems , 1998, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[5]  J. D. Parsons,et al.  Crosscorrelation between the envelopes of 900 MHz signals received at a mobile radio base station site , 1986 .

[6]  W. C. Jakes,et al.  Microwave Mobile Communications , 1974 .

[7]  William C. Y. Lee,et al.  Mobile Communications Engineering , 1982 .

[8]  Patrick Claus F. Eggers.  Angular dispersive mobile radio environments sensed by highly directive base station antennas , 1995, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[9]  Patrick Claus F. Eggers,et al.  A Heuristic Model of Power Delay Profiles in Landmobile Communications , 1992 .

[10]  Thomas Kailath,et al.  Capacity improvement with base-station antenna arrays in cellular CDMA , 1994 .

[11]  Alfred O. Hero,et al.  Space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[12]  Klaus I. Pedersen,et al.  Channel parameter estimation in mobile radio environments using the SAGE algorithm , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[13]  Patrick Claus F. Eggers,et al.  Propagation measurements in city area for GSM small cells , 1990 .

[14]  Hirofumi Suzwi,et al.  A Statistical Model for Urban Radio Propagation , 1977 .

[15]  H. Suzuki,et al.  A Statistical Model for Urban Radio Propogation , 1977, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[16]  J. Andersen,et al.  Diffuse channel model and experimental results for array antennas in mobile environments , 1998 .

[17]  George L. Turin,et al.  A statistical model of urban multipath propagation , 1972 .

[18]  H. Hashemi.  Simulation of the urban radio propagation channel , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[19]  T. Aulin.  A modified model for the fading signal at a mobile radio channel , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[20]  Klaus I. Pedersen,et al.  Spatial channel characteristics in outdoor environments and their impact on BS antenna system performance , 1998, VTC '98. 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (Cat. No.98CH36151).

[21]  Klaus I. Pedersen,et al.  High resolution of electromagnetic waves in time-varying radio channels , 1997, Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - PIMRC '97.

[22]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  A geometrically based model for line-of-sight multipath radio channels , 1996, Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC.

[23]  Sheldon M. Ross,et al.  Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists , 1987 .

[24]  Michael A. Jensen,et al.  A statistical model for angle of arrival in indoor multipath propagation , 1997, 1997 IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference. Technology in Motion.

[25]  R. Clarke.  A statistical theory of mobile-radio reception , 1968 .

[26]  Ming Lu,et al.  A physical spatio-temporal model of multipath propagation channels , 1997, 1997 IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference. Technology in Motion.

[27]  P. Bello.  Characterization of Randomly Time-Variant Linear Channels , 1963 .