Structures for Facilitating Student Reflection

The goal of this article is to describe a continuum of levels of reflection. It briefly focuses on Deanna Kuhn's research into the development of scientific thinking and Robert Kegan's Object-Subject Theory of Development applied to the problems of inspiring students to be able to reflect. Assignments for improving students' ability to reflect are presented. Examples of student reflections are provided. These may be especially helpful for faculty in a wide range of courses.

[1]  Richard Kiely,et al.  A Transformative Learning Model for Service-Learning: A Longitudinal Case Study. , 2005 .

[2]  K. Dobson,et al.  Cognitive therapy of depression: pretreatment patient predictors of outcome. , 2002, Clinical psychology review.

[3]  K. Kitchener,et al.  Developing Reflective Judgment: Understanding and Promoting Intellectual Growth and Critical Thinking in Adolescents and Adults. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series and Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series. , 2009 .

[4]  R. Grossman,et al.  Discovering Hidden Transformations: Making Science and Other Courses More Learnable , 2005 .

[5]  T. B. Rogers,et al.  Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. , 1977, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[6]  Blair T. Johnson,et al.  The self-reference effect in memory: a meta-analysis. , 1997, Psychological bulletin.

[7]  L. Vygotsky Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes: Harvard University Press , 1978 .

[8]  Encouraging Critical Thinking Using the Case Study Method and Cooperative Learning Techniques. , 1994 .

[9]  Peter Felten,et al.  Emotion and Learning: Feeling Our Way toward a New Theory of Reflection in Service-Learning. , 2006 .

[10]  J. Zull The Art of Changing the Brain , 2023 .

[11]  Robert G. Bringle,et al.  Reflection: Bridging the Gap between Service and Learning , 1997 .

[12]  M. Johnsen,et al.  Making Their Own Way: Narratives for Transforming Higher Education to Promote Self-Development , 2001 .

[13]  James W. Peltier,et al.  The Reflective Learning Continuum: Reflecting on Reflection , 2005 .

[14]  Fred O. Henker,et al.  Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy , 1982 .

[15]  H. Gardner,et al.  Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences , 1983 .

[16]  Richard Oxhorn A new guide to rational living. , 1976 .

[17]  Baxter Magolda,et al.  Developing Self-Authorship in Young Adult Life. , 1998 .

[18]  Ann L. Brown,et al.  How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. , 1999 .

[19]  W. G. Perry Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. , 1970 .

[20]  Julie A. Hatcher,et al.  Designing Effective Reflection: What Matters to Service-Learning?. , 2004 .

[21]  B. Zimmerman Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview , 2002 .

[22]  S. Hollon,et al.  6 – Cognitive Therapy of Depression1 , 1979 .

[23]  Stephen S. Winter,et al.  At State University of New York at Buffalo , 1965 .

[24]  Eugenia Etkina,et al.  College Physics Students' Epistemological Self-Reflection and Its Relationship to Conceptual Learning. , 2002 .

[25]  D. Kuhn Children and adults as intuitive scientists. , 1989, Psychological review.

[26]  J. Bruner,et al.  The role of tutoring in problem solving. , 1976, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[27]  Donald A. Schön The reflective practitioner : how professionals think in action , 1986 .

[28]  Sarah L. Ash,et al.  Integrating Reflection and Assessment to Capture and Improve Student Learning , 2005 .

[29]  J. Mezirow Transformative Learning: Theory to Practice. , 1997 .

[30]  S. Freud In Over Our Heads. The Mental Demands of Modern Life , 1997 .