Composite Energy Storage System Involving Battery and Ultracapacitor With Dynamic Energy Management in Microgrid Applications

Renewable-energy-based microgrids are a better way of utilizing renewable power and reduce the usage of fossil fuels. Usage of energy storage becomes mandatory when such microgrids are used to supply quality power to the loads. Microgrids have two modes of operation, namely, grid-connected and islanding modes. During islanding mode, the main responsibility of the storage is to perform energy balance. During grid-connected mode, the goal is to prevent propagation of the renewable source intermittency and load fluctuations to the grid. Energy storage of a single type cannot perform all these jobs efficiently in a renewable powered microgrid. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) demands usage of storage with high energy density. At the same time, quick fluctuation of load demands storage with high power density. This paper proposes a composite energy storage system (CESS) that contains both high energy density storage battery and high power density storage ultracapacitor to meet the aforementioned requirements. The proposed power converter configuration and the energy management scheme can actively distribute the power demand among the different energy storages. Results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

[1]  Juan C. Vasquez,et al.  Control Strategy for Flexible Microgrid Based on Parallel Line-Interactive UPS Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[2]  Thomas Christen,et al.  Theory of Ragone plots , 2000 .

[3]  Ralph E. White,et al.  Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids , 2002 .

[4]  Xinbo Ruan,et al.  DC/DC Conversion Systems Consisting of Multiple Converter Modules: Stability, Control, and Experimental Verifications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  A. A. Ferreira,et al.  Control Strategy for Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System , 2009, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.

[6]  Alan J. Watson,et al.  Experimental implementation of a multilevel converter for power system integration , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[7]  A.M. Khambadkone,et al.  Fast Dynamic Response in a Fuel Cell based Converter using Augmented Energy Storage , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[8]  Zhiping Qi,et al.  Research on Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid Storage and its application in MicroGrid , 2010, 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.

[9]  G. Guidi,et al.  An Optimized Converter for Battery-Supercapacitor Interface , 2007, 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[10]  Duong Tran,et al.  Energy management and dynamic control in Composite Energy Storage System for micro-grid applications , 2010, IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[11]  S. Armstrong,et al.  A stand-alone photovoltaic supercapacitor battery hybrid energy storage system , 2008, 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[12]  J. Apt,et al.  The character of power output from utility‐scale photovoltaic systems , 2008 .

[13]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Battery-ultracapacitor active parallel interface with indirect control of battery current , 2010, 2010 Power and Energy Conference At Illinois (PECI).

[14]  Leon M. Tolbert,et al.  Bi-directional power management and fault tolerant feature in a 5-kW multilevel dc-dc converter with modular architecture , 2009 .

[15]  H. Akagi,et al.  State-of-Charge (SOC)-Balancing Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Cascade PWM Converter , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[16]  D.M. Divan,et al.  A three-phase soft-switched high power density DC/DC converter for high power applications , 1988, Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[17]  G. Joos,et al.  A power electronic interface for a battery supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for wind applications , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[18]  P.N. Enjeti,et al.  A Modular Fuel Cell, Modular DC–DC Converter Concept for High Performance and Enhanced Reliability , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Fan Zhang,et al.  A novel equalization method with defective-battery-replacing for series-connected lithium battery strings , 2009, 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[20]  Haihua Zhou,et al.  Hybrid Modulation for Dual-Active-Bridge Bidirectional Converter With Extended Power Range for Ultracapacitor Application , 2009 .

[21]  Tanmoy Bhattacharya,et al.  Composite Energy Storage System using dynamic energy management in microgrid applications , 2010, The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -.

[22]  H. Akagi,et al.  A Bidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converter as a Core Circuit of the Next-Generation Medium-Voltage Power Conversion System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.