Film thickness planar sensor in oil-water flow: prospective study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study a multiphase-flow instrumentation for film thickness measurement, especially impedance-based, not only for gas–liquid flow but also for mixtures of immiscible and more viscous substances such as oil and water. Conductance and capacitive planar sensors were compared to select the most suitable option for oil – water dispersed flow. Design/methodology/approach – A study of techniques for measurement of film thickness in oil – water pipe flow is presented. In the first part, some measurement techniques used for the investigation of multiphase flows are described, with their advantages and disadvantages. Next, examinations of conductive and capacitive techniques with planar sensors are presented. Findings – Film thickness measurement techniques for oil–water flow are scanty in the literature. Some techniques have been used in studies of annular flow (gas–liquid and liquid–liquid flows), but applications in other flow patterns were not encountered. The methods ba...

[1]  Horst-Michael Prasser,et al.  Time and spatially resolved measurements of interfacial waves in vertical annular flow , 2010 .

[2]  H. C. Kang,et al.  The development of a flush-wire probe and calibration method for measuring liquid film thickness , 1992 .

[3]  T. Shedd,et al.  Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of liquid film thickness in annular flow. Part I: Methods and data , 2010 .

[4]  M. Damsohn Liquid films and droplet deposition in a BWR fuel element , 2011 .

[5]  Alessandro Franco,et al.  An apparatus for the routine measurement of thermal conductivity of materials for building application based on a transient hot-wire method , 2007 .

[6]  Hiroshige Kikura,et al.  Pattern recognition and signal processing of ultrasonic echo signal on two-phase flow , 2006 .

[7]  H. Prasser,et al.  High-speed liquid film sensor with high spatial resolution , 2009 .

[8]  Horst-Michael Prasser,et al.  High-speed liquid film sensor for two-phase flows with high spatial resolution based on electrical conductance , 2009 .

[9]  Michael Modigell,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of local film thickness and temperature distribution in wavy liquid films using a luminescence technique , 2006 .

[10]  L. F. A. Azevedo,et al.  Liquid film characterization in horizontal, annular, two-phase, gas–liquid flow using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence , 2012 .

[11]  H. Prasser,et al.  A new electrode-mesh tomograph for gas–liquid flows , 1998 .

[12]  Antonio Carlos Bannwart,et al.  Modeling aspects of oil–water core–annular flows , 2001 .

[13]  Panagiota Angeli,et al.  Experimental studies on the dual continuous flow pattern in oil-water flows , 2004 .

[14]  A. J. Addlesee,et al.  Liquid Film Thickness Above a Bubble Rising Under an Inclined Plate , 1997 .

[15]  Akimi Serizawa,et al.  Measurement of 2-dimensional local instantaneous liquid film thickness around simulated nuclear fuel rod by ultrasonic transmission technique , 1998 .

[16]  Antonio Carlos Bannwart,et al.  A high spatial and temporal resolution film thickness sensor in oil - water flows , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings.

[17]  T. Shedd,et al.  Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of liquid film thickness in annular flow. Part II: Analysis and comparison to models , 2010 .

[18]  Kishore Sundara-Rajan,et al.  Interdigital sensors and transducers , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[19]  Ren C. Luo,et al.  Design and implementation of capacitive proximity sensor using microelectromechanical systems technology , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[20]  Uwe Hampel,et al.  Planar Array Sensor for High-speed Component Distribution Imaging in Fluid Flow Applications , 2007, Sensors.

[21]  W. El-Dakhakhni,et al.  Improved interdigital sensors for structural health monitoring of composite retrofit systems , 2011 .

[22]  U. Hampel,et al.  Capacitance wire-mesh sensor for fast measurement of phase fraction distributions , 2007 .

[23]  M. Brett,et al.  Nanostructured Metal Oxide Thin Films for Humidity Sensors , 2008, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[24]  G. Ribatski,et al.  Film thickness measurement techniques applied to micro-scale two-phase flow systems , 2010 .

[25]  Panagiota Angeli,et al.  Pressure gradient in horizontal liquid-liquid flows , 1999 .

[26]  D. Markovich,et al.  Experimental Study of the Linear Stability of a Falling Liquid Film in the Presence of a Turbulent Gas Stream , 2004 .

[27]  Yoichiro Matsumoto,et al.  Experimental study on axial development of liquid film in vertical upward annular two-phase flow , 2008 .

[28]  Timothy A. Shedd,et al.  Wave behavior in horizontal annular air–water flow , 2008 .

[29]  Wuqiang Yang,et al.  Planar capacitive sensors – designs and applications , 2010 .

[30]  Colin Ramshaw,et al.  Measurement of liquid film thickness and the determination of spin-up radius on a rotating disc using an electrical resistance technique , 2003 .

[31]  A. Omer,et al.  Pipeline Flow Behavior of Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions with and without a Polymeric Additive in the Aqueous Phase , 2009 .

[32]  Rosenberg J. Romero,et al.  Experimental thermodynamic evaluation for a single stage heat transformer prototype build with commercial PHEs , 2015 .

[33]  Vittorio Ferrari,et al.  A capacitive sensor system for the analysis of two-phase flows of oil and conductive water , 2010 .

[34]  N. Vlachos,et al.  Measurement of liquid film thickness using a laser light absorption method , 2000 .

[35]  Ram S. Mohan,et al.  Experimental Investigation of Falling Liquid Film in Vertical Downward Two-Phase Pipe Flow , 2012 .

[36]  Oscar Mauricio Hernandez Rodriguez,et al.  Film thickness measurement in oil–water pipe flow using image processing technique , 2015 .

[37]  Michitsugu Mori,et al.  Properties of disturbance waves in vertical annular two-phase flow , 2008 .

[38]  P. Angeli,et al.  Phase inversion in dispersed liquid-liquid flows , 2005 .

[39]  W. Clark LIQUID FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT , 2002 .

[40]  J. Yanagihara,et al.  Film thickness and wave velocity measurement using reflected laser intensity , 2006 .

[41]  R. Pal Mechanism of Turbulent Drag Reduction in Emulsions and Bubbly Suspensions , 2007 .

[42]  Hitoshi Asano,et al.  The flow characteristics of an upward gas-liquid two-phase flow in a vertical tube with a wire coil: Part 2. Effect on void fraction and liquid film thickness , 2002 .

[43]  U. Hampel,et al.  Capacitance Planar Array Sensor for Fast Multiphase Flow Imaging , 2009, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[44]  Yong Ye,et al.  A Novel Method for Proximity Detection of Moving Targets Using a Large-Scale Planar Capacitive Sensor System , 2016, Sensors.

[45]  G. Ooms,et al.  Core-annular oil/water flow: the turbulent-lubricating-film model and measurements in a 5 cm pipe loop , 1987 .

[46]  H. C. Kang,et al.  Measurement of three-dimensional wave form and interfacial area in an air-water stratified flow , 1992 .

[47]  D. Markovich,et al.  Primary instabilities of liquid film flow sheared by turbulent gas stream , 2009 .

[48]  S. Alekseenko,et al.  Investigation of Waves Interaction in Annular Gas–Liquid Flow Using High-Speed Fluorescent Visualization Technique , 2008 .